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【正文】 T 公司工作了 5 個(gè)年頭。奪這期間，他從普通編程員升到資深的編程分析員。他對(duì)自己所服務(wù)的這家公司相當(dāng)滿意，不管是工作職位還是收入，都讓陳華感到有成就感，而且他還為工作中的創(chuàng)造性要求所激勵(lì)。 一個(gè)周末的下午，陳華和他的朋友及同事王迪一起打高爾夫球。他了解到他所在的部門新雇了一 位剛從大學(xué)畢業(yè)的編程分析員。盡管陳華是個(gè)好脾氣的人，但當(dāng)他聽(tīng)說(shuō)這位新來(lái)者的起薪僅比他現(xiàn)在的工資少 30 元時(shí)，不禁發(fā)火了。 下周一的早上，陳華找到了人事部主任李江林，問(wèn)他自己聽(tīng)說(shuō)的事是不是真的，李江林帶有 歉意地說(shuō)，確有這么回事，但他試圖解釋公司的處境：“陳華，編程分析員的市場(chǎng)相當(dāng)緊俏，為使公司能吸引合格的人員，我們不得不提供較高的起薪。我們非常需要增加一名編程分析員，因此我們只能這么做?！? 陳華問(wèn)能否相應(yīng)調(diào)高他的工資。李江林回答說(shuō)： “你的工資需按照正常的績(jī)效評(píng)估時(shí)間評(píng)定后再調(diào)。你干得非常不錯(cuò) !我 相信老板到時(shí)會(huì)給你提薪的。 ”陳華在向李江林道了聲 “打擾了 !”便離開(kāi)了他的辦公室，邊走邊不停地?fù)u頭，很對(duì)自己在公司的前途感到疑慮。 1．本例描述的事件對(duì)陳華的工作動(dòng)力會(huì)產(chǎn)生什么樣的影響 ?事件會(huì)對(duì)陳華的工作動(dòng)力產(chǎn)生非常消極的 影響，因?yàn)閷?duì)于陳華來(lái)說(shuō)，他在工作中所獲得的激勵(lì)主要來(lái)自于成就激勵(lì)和創(chuàng)造性激勵(lì)，而體現(xiàn)他的成就的重要表現(xiàn)或者說(shuō)重要標(biāo)志之一就是薪水，當(dāng)他感覺(jué)自己的因成就感而帶來(lái)的自信受到打擊，處境很尷尬時(shí)，一個(gè)有成就需要的人就會(huì)有很強(qiáng)的受挫感，會(huì)影響其工作的動(dòng)力。 2．哪一種激勵(lì)理論可以更好地解釋陳華的困惑 ?簡(jiǎn)述其理論內(nèi)容。 ．亞當(dāng)斯的公平理論。理論內(nèi)容：公平理論是美國(guó)心理學(xué)家亞當(dāng)斯于 20世紀(jì) 60 年代首先提出了一種激勵(lì)理論，又稱為社會(huì)比較理論。公平理論認(rèn)為，激勵(lì)中的一個(gè)重要因素是個(gè)人的報(bào)酬是否公平，個(gè)人主觀地將自己投入 (諸如努力、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育等許多因素 )同別人相比，看自己所得的報(bào)酬是否公正或公平。如果認(rèn)為自己所獲得的報(bào)酬不公平，就可能產(chǎn)生不滿，降低產(chǎn)出的數(shù)量、質(zhì)量，甚至離開(kāi) 這個(gè)組織；如果認(rèn)為報(bào)酬是公平的，就會(huì)繼續(xù)在同樣的產(chǎn)出水平上工作；如果認(rèn)為個(gè)人報(bào)酬比認(rèn)為的公平報(bào)酬大，則會(huì)更加努力地工作。 該理論還指出，職工的某些 不公平感雖然可以暫時(shí)忍耐，但如果長(zhǎng)時(shí)間維持，將會(huì)帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重的后果 3．你覺(jué)得李江林的解釋會(huì)讓陳華感到滿意嗎 ?請(qǐng)說(shuō)明理由。 這種解釋不會(huì)讓陳華感到滿意，可以說(shuō)沒(méi)有什么作用。因?yàn)殛惾A需要的不是對(duì)這件事本身給出一個(gè)復(fù)雜或簡(jiǎn)單的理由，而是需要對(duì)這個(gè)事件所反映的深層次的問(wèn)題給予解釋， ep1 長(zhǎng)久以來(lái)以及今后自己在公司中處于什么樣的地位的問(wèn)題，李江華的解釋只能使陳華理解為 “在公司里你無(wú)所謂，只是非常普通的一個(gè) 成員，，同時(shí)還透露了一個(gè)更加不好的信息，“公司非常需要編程分析員，你不是公司可以依賴的力量，你還不如一個(gè)新人”， 那么賴以支撐其努力工作的力量就不復(fù)存在了。 4．你認(rèn)為公司應(yīng)當(dāng)對(duì)陳華采取什么措施 ?為什么 ?如果重視老員工的作用，就不應(yīng)當(dāng)忽視他們的心理需求，公司有許多措施可以采取，最主要的是增加陳華的公平感。如果按照程序無(wú)法盡快增加陳華的薪水，那么就應(yīng)該采用其他方式提高其成就滿足感覺(jué)，讓其心理狀態(tài)至少感覺(jué)公平 。比如職務(wù)提升、工作豐富化、委任陳華擔(dān)任新聘人員的指導(dǎo)教師等等 Visafree policy brings Chengdu biz, tourism boost. Making national headlines several times, Chengdu39。s 72hour visafree policy has attracted wide attention from both Chinese and foreign experts and businessmen since it took effect on Sept 1 last year. The program permits citizens from 51 countries and regions including the Un ited States, Australia, Canada and Japan who have valid visas and flight tickets to a third country to spend three days in the city. The capital of Sichuan province is the first city in the western region of China to offer foreign tourists a threeday visa and the fourth nationwide to adopt the policy following Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou. Li Zhiyong, deputy dean of the tourism institute at Sichuan University, said the move contributes to a large increase in the number of overseas tourists an d raises the city39。s level of internationalization. The policy will also bring direct economic revenue, Li said. Chengdu has many cultural legacies and is also a paradise for panda lovers with the world39。s largest breeding and research center. Three days are long enough for foreign visitors to visit those iconic tourist spots, he noted. The city is home to the remains of the Jin sha civilization that dates back more than 3,000 years as well as the Qing cheng Mountains and the Du jian g yan irrigation system. Qing cheng has long been recognized as the birthplace of Taoism, China39。s ancient indigenous religion, while Du jiang yan is considered to be the oldest functioning watercontrol project in the world. Chengdu ranked third in tourist facilities, management and services among 60 Chinese cities in a customer satisfaction survey released last year. But, Li added that efforts are still needed to develop more tourism products, improve English services and provide accurate t ranslation of traffic signs and scenic billboards. Zhao Yun, chairwoman of British Chamber of Commerce Southwest China, told China Daily that his colleagues found the po licy very convenient. A British client once flew here and stayed for just one day to check her ordered goods, she said. Zhao was born in Shanxi province, but she has lived in Chengdu for more than 10 years. My life was like a running race moving from place to place. I also lived in Beijing and Shanghai before, she said. But Chengdu is a place that you never want to leave once settling down. It is now my second hometown, she said. If the environment is further improved, the city will attract more people to visit and live, with the 72hour visafree policy and pelling conditions in transportation, culture, climate and cuisine, he said. Foreigners also gave positive feedback on the policy. A spokesman from Dell Inc said the pany has a global hub of operation in Chengdu, so the threeday visa has an immediate and positive influence on the pany39。s business development. Rudy Buttignol, president of the public broadcasting pany in British Columbia, Canada, said his work requires frequent travel to Chengdu and the policy makes the trips easier. Data from the city39。s public security bureau shows some 100 foreign visitors enjoy ed the 72hour policy by the end of March, most of them from the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany. Chengdu also reported robust growth in its overall tourist industry last year. Official statistics show that it received some 150 million tourists last year, an increase of 28 percent from 2020. Around million came from abroad, an increase of 12 percent. Total reve nue from touris m s urpassed 133 billion yuan ($). During his visit to Kazakhstan in September, Chinese President Xi Jinping proposed that China and Central Asia join hands to build a Silk Road economic belt to boost cooperation. The idea has been widely echoed in Central Asian countries, being an encouraging blueprint for Chinese areas along the Silk Road that has linked Asia and Europe for more than 2,000 years. In the next three weeks, China Daily reporters will travel through the belt in China and in Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Turkey. They will show the progress and expectations of the countries, businesses and peoples on the route. Shaanxi the start of the ancient Silk Road has positioned itself as the new starting point for the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt, which will strengthen China39。s cooperation with Central Asian countries, a senior official said. Shaanxi Governor Lou Qinjian said the province is fresh, rich and unique, as it w