【導(dǎo)讀】穿而成，第一篇課文較為簡單，而第二、三篇較為復(fù)雜，內(nèi)容上也較深。本書中的每一單元第一篇都有“reading. 的英語閱讀技巧。，課外知識(shí)有很大的補(bǔ)充?？荚噧?nèi)容分為四個(gè)部分：文中尋詞題、閱讀理解題、概括大意題和閱讀翻譯題。其中課內(nèi)內(nèi)容占40%，課外內(nèi)容占60%。2020－3000重點(diǎn)詞匯。分析、歸納、推理，領(lǐng)會(huì)作者的態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)?？焖匍喿x是指在2－3分鐘之內(nèi)快速閱讀400－。對文中所敘述的基本事實(shí)、文章所反映的基本觀點(diǎn)和作者的態(tài)度，有較準(zhǔn)確的理解。一步提高閱讀質(zhì)量。如瘋狂英語、書蟲系列等。有時(shí)在開頭或結(jié)尾會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn)，在開頭開門見山地指出，在結(jié)尾再予以呼應(yīng)。有一種可能是隱含在文中。區(qū)，較常見的就是以為維生素多吃無害等等。但達(dá)到這種平衡并不容易，所以維生素缺乏也較常見。食受限的老年人、食物過精過細(xì)的人等等，對他們來說補(bǔ)充適量的維生素是有益的。但他提醒，補(bǔ)充過量，極易引起中毒。雇主對工人受到的傷害應(yīng)給予補(bǔ)償。

　　

【正文】 D. the cause of pesticides Text 5 Pollution is a Dirty Word 【字體： 大 中 小 】【 打印 】 Ⅰ.Vocabulary 1. dilemma n. a problem situation for which there is no desirable solution 困境 This places him in a dilemma. 這使他處于進(jìn)退維谷的境地。 The bad weather put us into a dilemma. 糟糕的天氣使我們進(jìn)退兩難。 Tom thought himself into a dilemma. 湯姆想得無所適從。 2. exhaust v. use up 耗盡 exhaust sb.39。s patience 使某人忍無可忍 I think we’ve exhausted this subject。 let’s go onto the next. 我想我們已經(jīng)詳盡無遺地討論了這一問題；我們接著討論下一個(gè)問題吧。 3. eliminate vt. remove。 get rid of 除掉 eliminate errors 消除錯(cuò)誤 eliminate the possibility of 排除這種可能性 。使不可能 eliminate the false and retain the true 去偽存真 4. contaminate vt. make dirty, impure or diseased 弄臟，污染 Flies contaminate food. 蒼蠅弄臟食品。 a contaminated area 污染地區(qū) be contaminated by bureaucratism 沾染官僚主義作風(fēng) 5. dispose v. get rid of 除掉 dispose of in advance 預(yù)先處理 dispose pieces of furniture 布置家具 Man proposes but god disposes. 謀事在人，成事在天。 6. invaluable a. too valuable for the worth to be measured 無價(jià)的 an invaluable treasure 無價(jià)之寶 Good health is invaluable. 健康的身體是無價(jià)之寶。 He is an invaluable asset to the firm. 他是公司的寶貴人材。 He misses an invaluable opportunity to hold his tongue. 他錯(cuò)過了保持沉默的大好機(jī)會(huì)。 7. orient v. give direction or guidance to 定 ? 的位；調(diào)整 orient the swimming pool north and south. 標(biāo)定游泳池的南北方向 I need some time to orient my thinking. 我需要一些時(shí)間來使我的思想適應(yīng)。 Ⅱ. Phrases and Expressions 1. wear out reduce to a useless state by use 磨損，用壞 My shoes were already worn out. 我的鞋已經(jīng)破了。 2. be a dirty word 令人不喜歡的事情或想法 My daughter thought that the work was a dirty word. 我女兒不喜歡這工作。 3. grind on （乏味地）進(jìn)行下去 In spite of the listeners’ boredom, the speaker ground on. 不顧聽眾的厭倦，這個(gè)演講者乏味地講下去。 Ⅲ. Notes for the Text 1. to keep the wheels of industry turning 讓工業(yè)發(fā)展下去 2. Americans throw away 80 billon bottles and cans each year, enough to build more than ten stacks to the moon. 美國人每年要丟棄 8百億支瓶罐，足夠從地球向月球堆上十多次。 enough帶起伴隨狀語 3. Only 100 years ago man lived in harmony with nature. 僅僅在 100年之前，人們還與自然和諧共存。 in harmony with與 ? ..和諧共存 4. There weren’t so many people then and their wants were fewer. 那時(shí)候地球上沒有那么多人口，人類需求也很少。 want動(dòng)詞名詞化，需求 5. Once we thought of pollution as meaning simply smogthe choking, stinging, dirty air that hovers over cities. 曾經(jīng)有一段時(shí)間，我們認(rèn)為污染僅僅指的是煙霧。 6. “Wear it once and throw it away,” will be the slogan of the fashion conscious. 用一次就扔掉，這將是具有流行服飾意識(shí)的人的一句口號。 conscious自我意識(shí)到的精神活動(dòng) 7. This is done in a giant pressor which can reduce a Cadillac to the size of a television set in a matter of minutes. 這是由巨大的壓縮機(jī)來完成的，它能在幾分鐘內(nèi)把一輛卡迪拉克車壓縮成一臺(tái)電視機(jī)大小。 a matter of左右，上下，大約 Ⅳ. Exercises Understanding the Text Decide whether the following statements are true or false according to the text. 注意： （內(nèi)容、形式、時(shí)態(tài)） 3. Today, when we talk about pollution, we mainly refer to the choking, stinging and dirty air floating over cities.（ F） Vocabulary Development Scan the following passage and find the words or phrases that have roughly the same meanings as those given. 1. Patient （ Line 1） longsuffering 2. very kind of other people （ Line 1） indulgent 4. get （ Line 4） obtain 5. very disappointed （ Line 67） dismayed 6. was going to （ Line 7） was about to Be going to 前期有安排，有目的 Be about to 臨時(shí)的，匆忙的，意料之外的 8. scold, criticize （ Line 9） beckon 9. put safely away （ Line 10） tell off 10. be strongly disposed to （ Line 11） be tempted to Translation keep the wheels of industry turning, we manufacture consumer goods in endless quantities, and, in the process, are rapidly exhausting our natural resources. 為了使工業(yè)生產(chǎn)繼續(xù)下去，我們大量生產(chǎn)無窮無盡的消費(fèi)品。在生產(chǎn)過程中，我們正很快地耗盡自然資源。 2. Today this harmonious relationship is threatened by man’s lack of foresight and planning, and by his carelessness and greed. 由于缺乏遠(yuǎn)見和計(jì)劃，以及人類的無知和貪婪，這種和諧關(guān)系受到了嚴(yán)重的威脅。 3. But air pollution, while it is still the most dangerous, is only one type of contamination among several which attack the most basic life function. 盡管空氣污染仍然是最危險(xiǎn)的污染形式，它也只是幾種污染中的一種，而所有這些污染都嚴(yán)重影響人類生存。 4. Controlling air pollution is another crucial objective. 控制空氣污染是另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵目標(biāo)。 5. We can have a clean world, or we can do nothing. The choice is up to you. 我們還能擁有一個(gè)潔凈的世界，否則，我們將一事無成。就看怎樣選擇了。 Summarization Read each of the following short paragraphs and plete the phrase or sentence that expresses the main idea of the paragraph. The first letter of the missing word is given before the blank. 1. A dog will follow his master anywhere, but a cat keeps to the house it is used to. And even when the house changes hands, the cat will remain there, so long as it is kindly treated by the new owners. A cat does not seem to be capable of the personal devotion often shown by a dog. It thinks most of its own fort and its love is only cupboard love. Differences between dogs and cats 2. Only this year I witnessed what might have been a fatal accident on the highroad. I was motoring up from the town and I came upon the wreckage of two cars on the road. The smash had been caused by a car ing down, which swept round a sharp corner at 100km/h and crashed into a car ing up. I witnessed an accident. 3. Living in the city, people can participate in the political and cultural activities and see the latest films. There are good schools for children to study in the city. And there are big department stores for residents to buy a great variety of goods produced in every part of the world. It’s good to l ive in the city. 4. A long time ago man believed that evil spirits caused diseases. But now thanks to the advance of science and the invention of scientific instruments man knows that diseases are caused by