外文翻譯---交通擁堵收費(fèi)和城市交通系統(tǒng)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展-交通線(xiàn)路-資料下載頁(yè)
2025-05-12 10:54本頁(yè)面
【導(dǎo)讀】環(huán)境性和社會(huì)可持續(xù)性的體現(xiàn)，但其結(jié)果是交通量無(wú)情增加，導(dǎo)致交通擁擠。在實(shí)踐中廣泛使用，因?yàn)榈缆肥召M(fèi)的一些潛在的影響仍然不明。根據(jù)可持續(xù)交通系統(tǒng)的特點(diǎn)，使擁擠收費(fèi)能夠促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，環(huán)境保護(hù)和社會(huì)正義。城市交通是一個(gè)在世界各地的大城市迫切關(guān)注的話(huà)題。動(dòng)化的快速發(fā)展，交通擁堵已成為一個(gè)越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重的問(wèn)題，造成較大的時(shí)間延遲，交通擁堵收費(fèi)的原則與目標(biāo)是通過(guò)對(duì)選擇在高峰擁擠時(shí)段的設(shè)施的使用實(shí)施。附加收費(fèi)，以紓緩擁堵情況?？沙掷m(xù)運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的要求是當(dāng)前和未來(lái)幾。據(jù)報(bào)道，由交通擠塞所造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失在2020年的北京和上。在許多危害中，交通擁堵已被視。MPC的曲線(xiàn)表示用戶(hù)成本只反映每個(gè)用戶(hù)負(fù)擔(dān)的成本為新用。邊際社會(huì)成本是由圖1中的MSC曲線(xiàn)表示。據(jù)報(bào)道，中國(guó)是二氧化碳排放大國(guó)，有7個(gè)城市。在世界嚴(yán)重污染的城市名單中。物排放有關(guān)，這是與交通事故類(lèi)似的死亡人數(shù)，。析不同的駕駛條件下的排放量這是自然的。加州空氣資源委員會(huì)指出車(chē)輛的擁堵走
【正文】 n those living adjacent to the cordons。 more generally concern has been expressed at the impact on those who, for whatever reason, have no choice but to travel by car. These arguments can be countered to some extent by devising more flexible charging regimes. It has to be accepted that any form of road pricing will introduce some inequities. The key is to keep these to minimum,and to find ways of pensating those who do not benefit from congestion pricing. In practice, the lowest ine travelers, who typically travel by public transport or on foot, are most likely to benefit. For the conventional transportation system, the tax rates on gasoline, which are the same regardless of whether transport users are traveling during congested or uncongested periods Congestion pricing is expected to reduce this unfair by implementing surcharge for the use selected congested facilities during peak traffic periods. Equity issues addressed in transport have been largely concerned with economic equity, including the relationship between public and private transport, the impacts of congestion pricing on peripheral areas and underprivileged population , environmentalequity issues have been little within a transport context. Transport produces direct effects such as atmospheric emissions and noise, and also indirect effects, through its influence on the location of polluting facilities and affected people. Environmental equity refers to the social distribution of environmental quality (and specifically the distribution of NO2 by deprivation status). That is equal access to a clean environment and equal protection from possible environmental har m irrespective of ine, class or other differentiating feature of socioeconomics status. Transportation planners should point out that the reduction of congestion levels and increased trip speed on an entire facility will benefit users of public transit. From an environmental equity perspective, the effectiveness of congestion pricing is sensitive to the spatial distribution of socioeconomic characteristics。 hence the best scheme design may be different for each application city. As can be seen, social justice is most difficult to address, and practices indicate that the revenue from road pricing plays a crucial role. If the revenue is recycle to permit investment in public transport, or maintenance of higher service levels, it helps to provide a clear alternative, which both reinforces the impact on mode choice and reduces the concern of those on whom the charge is imposed. If it is used to improve the road infrastructure, it can be seen that traffic diverted from the controlled area is being catered for. If it is used to pay for environmental improvements, it will help to reinforce the wider benefits of charging. How to use the revenue and improve the efficiency of urban transport system is play a key role in sustainable development. 5. Conclusions With the continuing growth in traffic demand and decreasing scope for expansion of road infrastructure, traffic congestion is not a problem that will go away soon. Congestion pricing is proposed as an important demand management strategy for tackling traffic, but still receives strong social and political opposition because of the uncertain impacts on economic development, environmental protection and social justice. This paper reviews the relationship between congestion pricing and three goals of sustainable transportation system, and the results show that congestion pricing is a promising traffic management strategy, which can promote urban economic development, improve environmental quality and reduce inequity. Recent advances in electronic toll collection (ETC) technologies have made congestion pricing technologically feasible. It is safe to predict that ing decades will witness an increasing number of implement or attempts to implement congestion pricing. The design and evaluation of congestion pricing will require a deeper understanding of the direct and indirect impacts on sustainable development. Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Young Talents Project of Fujian province (2020F3078). Appreciation is also extended to reviewers for their helpful ments and suggestions on improving this paper.
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