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【正文】 frican American troops and the indignities they suffered in the military. (D) They became aware of the gap between their expectations and the realities of American culture. (E) They repudiated Garvey39。s message of pride and unity. 17 Reading Comprehension Sample Questions 16. It can be inferred from the passage that the scholars mentioned in line 24 believe which of the following to be true? (A) Revitalization resulted from the political activism of returning African American soldiers following the First World War. (B) Marcus Garvey had to change a number of prevailing attitudes in order for his mass movement to find a foothold in the United States. (C) The prevailing sensibility of the African American munity provided the foundation of Marcus Garvey39。s political appeal. (D) Marcus Garvey hoped to revitalize consciousness of cultural and historical identity in the African American munity. (E) The goal of the mass movement that Marcus Garvey helped bring into being was to build on the pride and unity among African Americans. 17. According to the passage, many African American people joined the armed forces during the First World War for which of the following reasons? (A) They wished to escape worsening economic conditions in African American munities. (B) They expected to fulfill ideals of personal attainment. (C) They sought to express their loyalty to the United States. (D) They hoped that joining the military would help advance the cause of desegregation. (E) They saw military service as an opportunity to fulfill Marcus Garvey39。s political vision. 18 The Official Guide for GMAT* Review 12th Edition Line Traditionally, the first firm to mercialize a new technology has benefited from the unique opportunity to shape product definitions, forcing followers to adapt to a standard or invest in (5) an unproven alternative. Today, however, the largest payoffs may go to panies that lead in developing integrated approaches for successful mass production and distribution. Producers of the Beta format for videocassette (10) recorders (VCRs), for example, were first to develop the VCR mercially in 1975, but producers of the rival VHS (Video Home System) format proved to be more successful at forming strategic alliances with other producers and distributors to manufacture (15) and market their VCR format. Seeking to maintain exclusive control over VCR distribution, Beta producers were reluctant to form such alliances and eventually lost ground to VHS in the petition for the global VCR market. (20) Despite Beta39。s substantial technological head start and the fact that VHS was neither technically better nor cheaper than Beta, developers of VHS quickly turned a slight early lead in sales into a dominant position. Strategic alignments with (25) producers of prerecorded tapes reinforced the VHS advantage. The perception among consumers that prerecorded tapes were more available in VHS format further expanded VHS39。s share of the market. By the end of the 1980s, Beta was no longer in (30) production. Questions 1217 refer to the passage above. 12. The passage is primarily concerned with which of the following? (A) Evaluating two peting technologies (B) Tracing the impact of a new technology by narrating a sequence of events (C) Reinterpreting an event from contemporary business history (D) Illustrating a business strategy by means of a case history (E) Proposing an innovative approach to business planning 13. According to the passage, today39。s successful firms, unlike successful firms in the past, may earn the greatest profits by (A) investing in research to produce cheaper versions of existing technology (B) being the first to market a peting technology (C) adapting rapidly to a technological standard previously set by a peting firm (D) establishing technological leadership in order to shape product definitions in advance of peting firms (E) emphasizing the development of methods for the mass production and distribution of a new technology 14. According to the passage, consumers began to develop a preference for VCRs in the VHS format because they believed which of the following? (A) VCRs in the VHS format were technically better than peting format VCRs. (B) VCRs in the VHS format were less expensive than peting format VCRs. (C) VHS was the first standard format for VCRs. (D) VHS prerecorded videotapes were more available than those in Beta format. (E) VCRs in the Beta format would soon cease to be produced. 19 Reading Comprehension Sample Questions 15. The author implies that one way that VHS producers won control over the VCR market was by (A) carefully restricting access to VCR technology (B) giving up a slight early lead in VCR sales in order to improve longterm prospects (C) retaining a strict monopoly on the production of prerecorded videotapes (D) sharing control of the marketing of VHS format VCRs (E) sacrificing technological superiority over Beta format VCRs in order to remain petitive in price 16. The alignment of producers of VHS format VCRs with producers of prerecorded videotapes is most similar to which of the following? (A) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with another automobile manufacturer to adopt a standard design for automobile engines (B) The alignment of an automobile manufacturer with an automotive glass pany whereby the manufacturer agrees to purchase automobile windshields only from that one glass pany (C) The alignme