【導(dǎo)讀】是一個工業(yè)生產(chǎn)裝置等。工程建設(shè)過程不是簡單的投入和產(chǎn)出，它涉及到市場問。題，用戶問題，效益問題等等。工程建設(shè)涉及到設(shè)計(jì)、物資采購和施工三個方面，商品生產(chǎn)一樣需要分別進(jìn)行成本控制并獲取一定的利潤。工程造價的計(jì)算和控制顯得尤其重要。報價高固然為盈利奠定了基礎(chǔ)，但是鑒于。當(dāng)前國內(nèi)工程建設(shè)市場競爭已趨白熱化，高價奪標(biāo)已不可能。爭，另外我國的工程承包企業(yè)也同樣要到國外的工程建設(shè)市場上謀求發(fā)展。種資源，開拓兩個市場，提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。它的運(yùn)動受價值規(guī)律、貨幣流通規(guī)律和商品供求。并作為法定價格。商品經(jīng)濟(jì)的規(guī)律，建立以市場形成價格為主的價格機(jī)制。差錯，保證計(jì)算結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性，但使用的概算定額必須準(zhǔn)確、有效。市政定額的基礎(chǔ)上將某些子目合并歸于主要的子目中，編制概算定額。事后核算式的概預(yù)算管理制度不能防止和解決決策及設(shè)計(jì)階段的失誤、浪費(fèi)。概預(yù)算管理離不開定額，甲乙雙方都要以定額為基礎(chǔ)開展工作，相互

　　

【正文】 and project return on investment at the design stage and so to the cost of technology and investment form. Budget management over the current emphasis is often placed on the construction phase of the construction cost management, while ignoring the design stage and material cost of the procurement phase of management, a budget ultrabudget, clearing the phenomenon of superbudget it is inevitable. In the project bidding system, the characteristics of engineering design work is a technical decision to the economy, the economic constraints of technical, so do a good job in project bidding price limits effective control must be designed not only to achieve the scale of design, design standards, the design depth, engineering the number and amount of investment and other aspects of effective control. ⑷ improve material procurement management system, step by step with the market. In the construction and installation project, the cost of materials about the project costs Jinan around 70%. In the installation, the equipment also account for a large proportion. Therefore affect the bidding price is another factor material procurement management system. To really make the market price to the efficient functioning of the mechanism, it is necessary to have the materials suited to the procurement management system. At present, the management of the project cost, timeconsuming in the calculation of the main materials monly used is based on the preparation of the local Construction of the XXX district budget XXXX material prices this year, the actual supply price and the price of the price difference, in the settlement 找補(bǔ) . Management control of procurement of such channels, the purchase price can not be done in advance of cost control, beyond the control of the project investment, project clearing price is often more than the budget estimate bidding price or the contract price. Economic conditions in the market, whether the owners or contractors material procurement, we should in terms of the contract tender offer or the species, quantity, quality, price, limit the scope of the implementation of procurement, efforts to reduce the equipment and materials costs. For example, the management of the implementation of procurement prices, it is necessary to shop around, the purchase price can not be higher than the budget price, cost price。 the other is also necessary to establish and perfect the internal procurement audit system, the implementation of the decisionmaking power, the implementation of the right to examine the right of separation of powers, and so on, in order to effectively control the project cost. ⑸ works bidding claim of price controls is another important task Project bidding price controls, another feature of the project claims management. Legal and contract claims is the legitimate right to give, we should establish a claim for awareness, attention to claims, at the claim, establish a sound mechanism for claims management. The current estimate of the budget management system used by the budget settlement add more visas for the design of variable practice, is a practice after the accounts, and project bidding prices to form contracts for design changes, ultrawide contract workload, unforeseen costs, force majeure and other losses caused by breach of contract claim form should be adopted to safeguard their own interests. Bidding the project, therefore the claim has its own unique laws, is a kind of revenge after the first work, a good current account balance or margin accounts work again while the dynamic control method to work. Require the contractor to have a strong business sense, straight from the conclusion of the contract to carry out the end, always seeking to expand the fundamental purpose of econo mic efficiency。 all activities are in order to achieve the fundamental purpose. Contractor should give full play to the initiative, not wait until a loss to find ways to e back, but to claim as an important way to enhance economic efficiency, the incident before taking measures to be taken at the time in front of, and actively take the initiative to study use and ways to control risk. Within the statute of limitations in the claim, in accordance with the claims process, according to reliable evidence, the reasons put forward claims and claim the contents of documents for the claims reported. To sum up, economic conditions in the market, bidding the project is a systematic project, involving every aspect of its mechanism of price formation has its own inherent characteristics and operation rules, so we should be on the characteristics and operation rules, and seriously prepare project bidding price and control, enhance their petitiveness, it is necessary to ensure the successful, but also guarantee a certain degree of economic efficiency can be achieved. Excerpt from 《 Better Roads》