【導(dǎo)讀】比人的反應(yīng)時間快七倍。它們通過調(diào)整汽車扭矩或者通過應(yīng)用汽車左側(cè)或右側(cè)制。動，如果需要甚至兩者兼用，來實現(xiàn)準(zhǔn)確的行車路線。這個系統(tǒng)已被應(yīng)用于奔馳。穩(wěn)定的機(jī)械制動系統(tǒng)能夠在制動時發(fā)現(xiàn)打滑，并且在駕駛?cè)藛T反。應(yīng)以前實現(xiàn)車輛的減速。在這篇文章中，我們認(rèn)識了ESP優(yōu)于ABS防抱死系統(tǒng)和。率回轉(zhuǎn)儀的工作原理。所有者安全的設(shè)計模式。穩(wěn)定調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)幫助駕駛員從不可控制的曲線制動中解脫。出來，從而避免了汽車的擺動滑行和交通事故。判斷汽車是否在按照駕駛員的路線行駛。統(tǒng)、制動系統(tǒng)和牽引控制系統(tǒng)組成以實現(xiàn)理想與現(xiàn)實運動之間的最小差距。安全統(tǒng)計表明，多數(shù)的單車撞擊事故傷亡（占傷亡事故發(fā)生的。這項新系統(tǒng)的額外費用主要用于目前汽。該系統(tǒng)在博世公司被稱為。狀況下維持車輛的穩(wěn)定性。受力的穩(wěn)定措施。這種情況是駕駛員不能感覺類似于ABS防抱死系統(tǒng)接近于抱死極限，而使

　　

【正文】 . The steeringwheel angle sensor is based on a set of LED and photodiodes mounted in the steering wheel. A siliconmicro machine pressure sensor indicates the master cylinder39。s braking pressure by measuring the brake fluid pressure in the brake circuit of the front wheels (and, therefore, the brake pressure induced by the driver). Determining the actual course of the vehicle is a more plicated task. Wheel speed signals, which are provided for antilock brakes/traction control by inductive wheel speed sensors, are required to derive longitudinal slip. For an exact analysis of possible movement, however, variables describing lateral motion are needed, so the system must be expanded with two additional sensors yaw rate sensors and lateral acceleration sensors. A lateral accelerometer monitors the forces occurring in curves. This a nalog sensor operates according to a damped springmass mechanism, by which a linear Hall generator transforms the spring displacement into an electrical signal. The sensor must be very sensitive, with an operating range of plus or minus g. YAW RATE GYRO: At the heart of the latest stability control system type is the yaw rate sensor, which is similar in function to a gyroscope. The sensor measures the speed at which the car rotates about its vertical axis. This measuring principle originated in the aviation industry and was further developed by Bosch for largescale vehicle production. The existing gyro market offers two widely different categories of devices: $6000 units for aerospace and navigation systems (supplied by firms such as GEC 13 Marconi Avionics Ltd., of Rochester, Kent, .) and $160 units for video cameras. Bosch chose a vibrating cylinder design that provides the highest performance at the lowest cost, according to the SAE paper. A large investment was necessary to develop this sensor so that it could withstand the extreme environmental conditions of automotive use. At the same time, the cost for the yaw rate sensor had to be reduced so that it would be sufficiently affordable for vehicle use. The yaw rate sensor has a plex internal structure centered around a small hollow steel cylinder that serves as the measuring element. The thin wall of the cylinder is excited with piezoelectric elements that vibrate at a frequency of 15 kilohertz. Four pairs of these piezo elements are arranged on the circumference of the cylinder, with paired elements positioned opposite each other. One of these pairs brings the open cylinder into resonance vibration by applying a sinusoidal voltage at its natural frequency to the transducers。 another pair, which is displaced by 90 degrees, stabilizes the vibration. At both element pairs in between, socalled vibration nodes shift slightly depending on the rotation of the car about its vertical axis. If there is no yaw input, the vibration forms a standing wave. With a rate input, the positions of the nodes and antinodes move around the cylinder wall in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation (Carioles acceleration). This slight shift serves as a measure for the yaw rate (angular velocity) of the car. Several drivers who have had handson experience with the new systems in slippery cornering conditions speak of their cars being suddenly nudged back onto the right track just before it seems that their back ends might break away. Some observers warn that stability controls might lure some drivers into overconfidence in lowfriction driving situations, though they are in the minority. It may, however, be necessary to instruct drivers as to how to use the new capability properly. Recall that drivers had to learn not to pump antilock brake systems. Although little detail has been reported regarding nextgeneration active safety systems for future cars (beyond various types of costly radar proximity scanners and other similar systems), it is clear that accidentavoidance is the theme for automotive safety engineers. The most survivable accident is the one that never happens, said 14 ITT39。s Graber. Stability control technology dovetails nicely with the tremendous strides that have been made to the physical structure and overall capabilities of the automobile. The next such safety system is expected to do the same.