【導(dǎo)讀】步進(jìn)電機(jī)是將電脈沖轉(zhuǎn)換成角位移的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)。一個典型的步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)是由步進(jìn)電機(jī)控制器，步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動器和步進(jìn)電機(jī)三部分組成。步進(jìn)電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速的高低，加速和減速，啟動或停止完全取決脈沖的有無和頻率的高低。當(dāng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動器接收到來自控制器的方向信號和步進(jìn)脈沖，控制電路就按照預(yù)先設(shè)定的電機(jī)通電方式產(chǎn)生步進(jìn)電機(jī)各相勵磁繞組導(dǎo)通或截止信號。保護(hù)電路在出現(xiàn)短路、過載、等故障時迅速停止驅(qū)動器和電機(jī)的運行。我們已經(jīng)看到，給兩相都通與平等電流產(chǎn)生的一個中間步進(jìn)，居于每一相的中間位置。這種作用是利用細(xì)分驅(qū)動，其中細(xì)分的大小基于兩個繞組中的電流的大小。以這種方式，步長是減少了，而低速平滑度得到大幅度提高。高細(xì)分驅(qū)動電動機(jī)細(xì)分整步步進(jìn)到多達(dá)500個細(xì)分步，轉(zhuǎn)一圈可細(xì)分十萬步。

　　

【正文】 . In fact, the stepper motor can be driven in this way from a 60 HzUS (50HzEurope) sine wave source by including a capacitor in series with one phase. It will rotate at 72 rpm.Fig. Phase currents in microstep mode Standard 200Step Hybrid Motor The standard stepper motor operates in the same way as our simple model, but has a greater number of teeth on the rotor and stator, giving a smaller basic step size. The rotor is in two sections as before, but has 50 teeth on each section. The halftooth displacement between the two sections is retained. The stator has 8 poles each with 5 teeth, making a total of 40 teeth (see Fig. ). Fig. 200step hybrid motor If we imagine that a tooth is placed in each of the gaps between the stator poles, there would be a total of 48 teeth, two less than the number of rotor teeth. So if rotor and stator teeth are aligned at 12 o’clock, they will also be aligned at 6 o’clock. At 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock the teeth will be misaligned. However, due to the displacement between the sets of rotor teeth, alignment will occur at 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock at the other end of the rotor. The windings are arranged in sets of four, and wound such that diametricallyopposite poles are the same. So referring to Fig. , the north poles at 12 and 6 o’clock attract the southpole teeth at the front of the rotor。 the south poles at 3 and 9 o’clock attract the northpole teeth at the back. By switching current to the second set of coils, the stator field pattern rotates through 45176。. However, to align with this new field, the rotor only has to turn through 176。. This is equivalent to one quarter of a tooth pitch on the rotor, giving 200 full steps per revolution. Note that there are as many detent positions as there are full steps per rev, normally 200. The detent positions correspond with rotor teeth being fully aligned with stator teeth. When power is applied to a stepper drive, it is usual for it to energize in the “zero phase” state in which there is current in both sets of windings. The resulting rotor position does not correspond with a natural detent position, so an unloaded motor will always move by at least one half step at poweron. Of course, if the system was turned off other than in the zero phase state, or the motor is moved in the meantime, a greater movement may be seen at powerup. Another point to remember is that for a given current pattern in the windings, there are as many stable positions as there are rotor teeth (50 for a 200step motor). If a motor is desynchronized, the resulting positional error will always be a whole number of rotor teeth or a multiple of 176。. A motor cannot “miss” individual steps – position errors of one or two steps must be due to noise, spurious step pulses or a controller fault. Stepper motor drive method ：Stepper motor can not be directly connected to AC or DC power supply frequency on the work, and must use a dedicated stepper motor driver, as shown in Figure 2, which consists of pulse control units, power drive unit, protection unit and other ponents. Fig crossed the midpoint of the two units can be surrounded by puter control to achieve. Stepper motor drive unit and the direct coupling, can also be interpreted as the power stepper motor puter controller interface, to be brief here.class server feature.：The actual role of step angle: in the absence of subdrive, the user select a different number of phases depends mainly on the stepper motor to meet their own requirements on the step angle. If you use the subdrive, the user can change the drive number of segments, can dramatically change the actual step angle stepper motor 39。phases39。 of change in the role of the actual step angle is almost negligible.