【導(dǎo)讀】中國在商業(yè)創(chuàng)新上優(yōu)勢眾多：擁有眾多適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)、善于隨機(jī)應(yīng)變、熱衷于逆向工程的人才，而且運(yùn)營環(huán)境成本低。在中國努力從勞動力密集和低附加值消費(fèi)品制造業(yè)向更具創(chuàng)新力的經(jīng)濟(jì)體轉(zhuǎn)。型的過程中，發(fā)達(dá)國家企業(yè)要么將從中受益，要么將面臨競爭。新并不那么容易。另外，在中國尋求研發(fā)伙伴的發(fā)達(dá)國家企業(yè)必須謹(jǐn)慎從事。但是，對外來者來說，要在中國進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新仍然困難重重。同時，專家提醒，本文是中國制造業(yè)特別報(bào)告的一部分。的挑戰(zhàn)等問題發(fā)表了自己的看法。安德魯認(rèn)為，在低成本國家如中國和印度所進(jìn)行的創(chuàng)新研發(fā)，是企業(yè)用來提高成本效率的方法之一。“擁有低成本市場的發(fā)展中國家，其創(chuàng)新得到了前所未。有的發(fā)展，而發(fā)達(dá)國家的市場危機(jī)又加劇了這種發(fā)展。以前，中國的創(chuàng)新研發(fā)僅限于當(dāng)時政府部門下屬的設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)。對在中國設(shè)立研發(fā)中心的跨國公司，麥維德。但是已經(jīng)成為中國網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲市場的領(lǐng)頭羊。

　　

【正文】 same time, rising farm ines at least until very recently had constrained the supply of migrant rural labor to the industrial centers, Michael explains. That gave labor more leverage. Ultimately, as labor increasingly absorbs more manufacturing resources in the long run, panies will have to push even further for innovative solutions with a focus on driving more productivity increases in Chinese operations. The global economic downturn will likely slow the pace of these trends and even reverse some in the short term. But over the midterm and beyond, expect China to build upon its already substantial innovative capabilities in manufacturing and services. Innovation and Intellectual Property Does porous intellectual property protection have a negative impact on r innovation? Not necessarily, says Harold Sirkin, senior partner at BCG in Chicago and global leader of the firm39。s operations practice. When you innovate, you39。re creating a brand, and that39。s a different kind of intellectual property (IP) than a patent. IP protection is growing less important to innovation, even in the West, Sirkin notes. The world has gotten so small that even if you invent the next iTunes, you can39。t rely on patent protection, he notes. It39。s readily copied now, everywhere. A lot of the [market appeal with] iTunes and the iPod is about [their] installed base. However, innovation and protection of IP have long been connected, and China has duly noted that linkage in its attempts to transform itself from a low valueadded manufacturing center to recognized innovation leader, particularly as lowercost countries pete for China39。s core business. Mike Chao, a Principal at BCG in Beijing, notes that, The IP laws have always been there, but what39。s changed in the last 20 years is how they have been interpreted and enforced. There39。s a big difference between policy and enforcement. One notable example is the software industry, where Chao battled piracy with Microsoft China for over five years before joining BCG. After strong lobbying by Microsoft in partnership with the US government, China declared in 2021 that the government would only use legal software. That announcement was followed by two additional decrees requiring that PC manufacturers only preinstall genuine software and Chinese enterprises only use legal software. While that39。s absolutely a step in the right direction, there39。s still work to do in terms of bringing up the levels of enforcement and awareness to ply with the policies, Chao says. On another front, however, he notes the Chinese government39。s tendency to provide research grants to projects that have the same time frame as the tenure of bureaucrats, thus sacrificing longterm horizons for shortterm gains. Innovation requires a longterm approach, and panies need to know their hard work won39。t just be stolen right away. Therein lies the difference between betting the pany on the R or the D: Research is never a sure thing, but development can consistently result in realizable output, Chao explains. With the recently announced government stimulus programs, there is hope that more funding will go to the panies that can actually productize that research and bring it to market. Academic institutions that have traditionally received such grants have not had a great track record in mercialization, Chao points out. Evolving IP policies, however, will not necessarily be the savior to spurring a wave of innovation in China. At the end of the day, the market will force you to innovate and differentiate, and if your pany isn39。t doing that, someone else will. Chao points to the PC industry as an example. Prices of notebook puters dropped 13% on average in China last year, in large part due to pressure from books, other lowcost offerings, and a general lack of differentiation. Asus saw an opportunity to disrupt the industry with the book, and now PC panies are dropping prices and scrambling to catch up. Innovation is and has always been the key to petition. China39。s ability to do so effectively will undoubtedly determine its future in the global economy