【導(dǎo)讀】息，GUI測(cè)試資料可表現(xiàn)在更多的形式中。幾種型號(hào)的GUI測(cè)試型材相繼被提出。在此基礎(chǔ)上，一個(gè)基于這種關(guān)系的控制計(jì)劃也被提議，這個(gè)。計(jì)劃也許可以有效地提高GUI測(cè)試的效率。由于圖形用戶界面在各種軟件應(yīng)用程序/系統(tǒng)中廣泛使用，GUI測(cè)試重視軟件的開發(fā)。的一個(gè)非平凡的GUI應(yīng)用程序是非常大的甚至是無(wú)窮的。也就是說(shuō)，許多特性可從GUI測(cè)試用例中獲得，例如它的。長(zhǎng)度、事件處理程序的要求，某種事件的比例等等。測(cè)試中，電路的故障檢測(cè)是受測(cè)試剖面的影響。故障檢測(cè)中的方法論仿照基于GUI測(cè)試輸入不同的特點(diǎn)。在這部分，首先我們將介紹GUI測(cè)試用例的定義，然后GUI測(cè)試案件的特點(diǎn)也將會(huì)被討論。一個(gè)GUI應(yīng)用程序的基本輸入事件，用戶操作觸發(fā)事件和GUI應(yīng)用程序是對(duì)這些事件的反應(yīng)。通常，一個(gè)事件只能在特定的國(guó)家接受GUI應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)而。列”，在國(guó)家事件序列中被執(zhí)行。他們擴(kuò)大在測(cè)試中的一組可用事件，他們是很重要的GUI結(jié)構(gòu)的遍歷。

　　

【正文】 maller than Q, to keep the probability of DmaxQ very small. The uniform distributions of Dmax can also used as test profiles in GUI testing, as the following model: TP = { ?Dmax=k, 1/Q?, k = 1,2,…, Q}. (7) E. Test Profile Model based on N(w) N(w) describes in the execution of a test case, how many events will be applied on the window w. We define the following test profile model based on this characteristic: TP = { ? ni, wi?, k = 1,2,… ,R}. (8) where R is the number of windows contained in the GUIs of the AUT, and wi is the ith window of the AUT. By setting different values to n1, n2, …, nR, we can adjust the test effect on each window. IV. GUI TEST PROFILE AND FAULT DETECTION We have presented eight models of GUI test profiles in the previous section. In this section, we first introduce how to study the relationship between test profiles and fault detection. Then, a control scheme is proposed to improve the test efficiency of GUI testing. A. Studying the Relationship between Test Profile and Fault Detection Suppose the test profile is modeled as TP(S), where S is the set of the parameters of the test profile model TP. Specifically, S = {?} if model (1), (3), or (6) is used, S = {?,?} is model (5) is used, S = ? if model (2), (3), or (7) is used, and S = {n1, n2,…, nR} if model (8) is used. Figure 4 shows the procedure of empirically studying the we fit the data set {(?, N F (? ) ), for ?=1,2,… ,M} on a proper function f which have a set of parameters a1, a2,… In future, many experiments should be conducted following this procedure to study the form of f. N F (1) N F (2) N F (M ) Figure 4 Study the relationship between the test profiles and the fault detection in GUI testing B. Improve Testing Efficiency by Online Adjusting Test Profile In our previous work reported in [1], we proposed a dynamic partitioning method for GUI testing following the idea of software cyberics. The method online adjusting the partitions of test cases, and the test cases in the partitions that are more likely to detect faults are used preferentially. It is an indirect method of online adjusting the test profile. Experiment results showed it is an effective way of improve the efficiency of GUI testing. Based on the models of test profile in this paper, we will propose a direct way of online adjusting the test profile. A GUI application may contain many faults. Commonly, a large test suite will be used to test it. Let’s study the following scenario. At the beginning, testers know little about the test suite and the application under test. Then they may randomly execute test cases. After some test executions, the testers can learn something about the test suite, for example, the test case with certain characteristics should be used more frequently in264 order to improve defect detection. With the knowledge, they can change the test execution strategy to improve the efficiency of testing. In the above process of software testing, the knowledge learned from the previous test executions are used to optimize the test profile. Can this process be automated? Based on the relationship between test profile and fault detection, we propose the automated GUI testing scheme shown in Figure 5 that may be able to detect more faults in testing. Figure 5 A Poisson distribution of L as a test profile At the beginning of testing, when have no prior knowledge about the test suite or the application under test. An initial test profile (a nonuniform test profile with initial parameters) is used to select/generate test cases. These test cases are then executed on the AUT. The execution result z, ., whether a fault is detected, are then recoded. After certain number of test cases executed, some knowledge can be obtained from the history data. Then the test profile is online adjusted by the controller. The controller is based on the relationship between the test profiles and fault detection obtained in Figure 4, ., f. It tries to approximate the test profile to the one that can maximize f(?。 a1,a2,… ). This means the controller tries to detect more faults with a given number of test cases. The parameters a1, a2, … need to be learned from history data, following the way proposed in [4]. The history data include the test profiles that were used to generate/select test cases in history, as well as the execution results after each test execution. When a new test case has been executed, the history data are updated. The parameters a1, a2, … are also updated. This procedure is similar with the feedback control procedure in control engineering. Feedback is used to adjust the parameters of the controller in the process of testing. Such a structure can tolerate certain errors in the building of f. V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK In this paper, we proposed several test profile models for GUI testing based on the characteristics of GUI test cases. Then a methodology of studying the relationship between the test profiles and the fault detection were presented. A control scheme that can improve the fault detection ability of GUI testing based on the relationship was also proposed. In future, large amount of experiments should be done to study how these different test profile models affect the fault detection in GUI testing. The proposed control scheme should be validated by case studies on different kinds of GUI applications.