【正文】 about films cameras to make the movie e out right. Local film schools are the best place to find them”可知在當(dāng)?shù)氐臄z影學(xué)校比較容易找到攝影導(dǎo)演，故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“You can only set yourself up for the basics, but as long as you know things will go wrong every day, at least you39。ll be prepared to deal with the difficulties.”可知作者認(rèn)為拍電影之前要為基本的事情做好準(zhǔn)備，才能準(zhǔn)備好應(yīng)對(duì)遇到的困難。故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。文中作者介紹了能幫助拍攝小型電影成功的幾個(gè)步驟，B項(xiàng)：怎樣制作小型電影，能概括全文內(nèi)容，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 When a dog looks at you with big puppydog eyes, it39。s hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “A” without hesitation. However, there39。s a reason why you find a dogs stare so attractive. That sweet stare actually causes the release of a particular hormone, or chemical messenger in the body. This hormone creates feelings of affection in humans. The same thing happens to dogs when people look back at them. Scientists believe this helps people and their fourlegged friends bond, or feel connected. Scientists have wondered what causes dogs to lovingly stare at their owners. To find out, a team of researchers from Azabu University in Japan studied 30 owners and their dogs. The researchers found that after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both showed a rise in oxytocin (催產(chǎn)素). One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding, like that between a mother and newborn. The increase of oxytocin didn39。t happen, though, when scientists repeated the experiment with wolves and the humans who had raised them. A second experiment also found that if dogs were given oxytocin, they looked at their owners longer. Scientists aren39。t sure exactly why, but this reaction occurred only with female dogs. Their owners oxytocin levels also rose as a result. The result of these experiments might help answer an ageold question: How did the fearsome wolf ancestor of modern dogs turn into man39。s best friend? Takefumi Kikusui, an animal scientist who worked on the study, thinks that the change happened when dogs first became domestic (馴養(yǎng)的). According to Kikusui, there may have been a small group of wild dogs that were naturally friendlier. “Humans are very sensitive to eye contact. By using this special munication tool, the dogs are able to win over our hearts. If they are more likely to make eye contact, it would be easier for them to bond with dog owners,” Kikusui said.（1）According to Paragraph 1, people say “A” to . A.make the dog stare at themB.express their love for the dogsC.draw the dogs39。 attention awayD.warn the dogs not to approach them（2）According to the passage, oxytocin can . A.reduce animals pain of giving birthB.motivate animals desires to protect othersC.help animals to develop a better relationshipD.enable animals to survive more easily from dangers（3）The underlined words the change in Paragraph 4 refer to that . A.dogs became friends with humansB.wolves begin to bond with humansC.dogs and wolves are best friendsD.dogs were domesticated by humans（4）What39。s the purpose of the passage? A.To call on humans to be friendly to dogs.B.To give advice on how to get along with dogs.C.To introduce the evolution process of wild dogs.D.To explain why humans and dogs are connected.【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）A（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文為應(yīng)用文。本文主要敘述科學(xué)家解開了狗與人類的關(guān)系為何演變成今日如此這般和諧的原因之謎。（1）推理判斷題。第一段開頭When a dog looks at you with big puppydog eyes, it39。s hard for you to go away, and you may speak out “A” without hesitation. However, there39。s a reason why you find a dogs stare so ，你毫不猶豫地說(shuō)“A”，不愿意離開。這是因?yàn)槟阌X得狗的注意力很有吸引力，狗吸引了你，說(shuō)明你愛狗。故答案選B。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段開頭的…after the pets and their owners spent half an hour together, both showed a rise in oxytocin (催產(chǎn)素). One key role of this hormone in many animals is to promote bonding, …寵物和主人在一起半個(gè)小時(shí)，人與狗身上的催產(chǎn)素就會(huì)增加了。這種激素在許多動(dòng)物中的關(guān)鍵作用就是促進(jìn)關(guān)系。說(shuō)明，催產(chǎn)系可以幫助動(dòng)物加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，提升關(guān)系。故答案選C。（3）推理判斷題。第三、四兩段給狗催產(chǎn)素，它們注視主人時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)。但是只有母狗會(huì)如此，所以給狗催產(chǎn)素后，狗的反應(yīng)不一樣。這些實(shí)驗(yàn)的結(jié)果可能有助于解決一個(gè)古老的問題：現(xiàn)代狗的可怕狼祖先是如何變成人類最好的朋友的？從事這項(xiàng)研究的動(dòng)物科學(xué)家Takefumi Kikusui認(rèn)為，這種變化就是狗最初成為家畜時(shí)發(fā)生的變化。由此可推斷出，這種變化就是狗由令人害怕的狼祖先變成人類最好的朋友。分析選項(xiàng)可知，故答案選A。（4）主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文解釋了狗與人類的關(guān)系如何演變成今天的如此和諧的朋友關(guān)系的原因。分析選項(xiàng)可知D項(xiàng)（解釋人類和狗連系的原因）符合題意，故答案選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】閱讀理解題主旨大意及段落大意解題技巧：位于段首：一般而言，以演繹法撰寫的文章，主題句往往在文章的開頭，即先點(diǎn)出主題，然后圍繞這一主題作具體的陳述。位于段尾：有些文章會(huì)在開頭列舉事實(shí), 然后通過(guò)論證闡述作者的核心論點(diǎn)。位于段中：有時(shí)段落是先介紹背景和細(xì)節(jié)，接著用一句綜合或概括性的話概括前面所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容或事例，然后再圍繞主題展開對(duì)有關(guān)問題的深入討論。首尾呼應(yīng)：主題句在段落的開頭和結(jié)尾兩個(gè)位置上先后出現(xiàn)，形成前呼后應(yīng)的格局。9．閱讀理解 Scientists found that sleeping considerably improves our creativity. After taking a nap people are able to think faster and put more imagination into their thinking. Besides, if we dream, the thinking abilities are improved even more. Researchers consider that sleeping on a problem in most cases leads to elucidation(解釋). They say when a person enters a phase called Rapid Eye Movement (REM) during sleep, it increases the effect. Such phase takes place right before we awake and according to scientists it helps our brain make links between unrelated subjects. In the study, led by Professor Sara Mednick, scientists made a conclusion that the REM was important for assimilating(消化) new information into past experience in order to find solutions to creative problems. Prof. Mednick is a psychiatrist at the University of California. Her study involved the analysis of 77 adults. Each participant was given several wordassociated creative tasks. All tasks were given in the morning, with participants being shown a number of groups of 3 words, for example: cookie, heart and sixteen. They were asked to e up with a word that would be associated with all three given terms—like sweet. Sometime later, after some participants were allowed to sleep, they were asked to perform the same tasks and some new ones. It is worth mentioning that while some people slept, researchers used brain scans to see the type of sleep each participant entered. When given the same tasks, participants, who took a nap, were able to give more varied solutions, some of which were much better than they gave earlier. But when given new tasks, researchers found that those who entered REM sleep had a 40 percent better result pared to the performance they show