【正文】 etence. Depriving them of free play prevents their socialemotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age adequate risky play. They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves. What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can39。t guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clearcut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to bee strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go173。and let them grow.（1）Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2? A.To stress its importance.B.To analyze the cause of anxiety.C.To question the latest discovery.D.To help understand a new word.（2）Parents overprotect children because . A.they are concerned about their children39。s safetyB.they want to keep children from being teasedC.parentmonitored activities are a mustD.children are not independent enough（3）According to the author, free play can . A.promote children39。s resilienceB.strengthen children39。s friendshipC.reduce children39。s risky behaviorD.develop children39。s leadership skills（4）Which of the following does the author probably agree with? A.Stop trying to perfect your child.B.It takes great courage to raise children.C.Prepare the child for the road, not the road for the child.D.While we try to teach our children all about life, our children teach us what life is all about.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）A（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述的是不要過分保護孩子。作者認(rèn)為讓孩子為路做準(zhǔn)備，而不是為孩子準(zhǔn)備路。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的”Nassim Taleb invented the word’antifragile‘a(chǎn)nd used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (過敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.“納西姆塔勒布發(fā)明了抗脆弱這個詞，并使用它來描述一個很小但非常重要的系統(tǒng)類別，它從沖擊、挑戰(zhàn)和混亂中獲益。免疫系統(tǒng)就是其中之一:它需要在兒童時期接觸某些種類的細菌和潛在的過敏原，以充分發(fā)展其能力?？芍髡咴诘诙沃刑岬矫庖呦到y(tǒng)是為了幫助理解一個新單詞antifragile。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”It39。s not the kids39。 fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less.“這不是孩子們的錯。在英國，就像在美國一樣，父母們在20世紀(jì)80年代和90年代變得更加害怕，因為有線電視和后來的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓每個人越來越多地暴露在那些現(xiàn)在越來越少發(fā)生的罕見的犯罪和事故面前?？芍改高^分保護孩子，因為他們擔(dān)心孩子的安全。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的”Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical petence.“然而，讓孩子們自己制定參與規(guī)則、承擔(dān)小風(fēng)險并學(xué)會掌握小危險的自由游戲，對成人社交能力乃至身體能力的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要?？芍?，作者認(rèn)為，自由玩?？梢蕴岣吆⒆拥倪m應(yīng)力。故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to bee strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go173。and let them grow.“然而，我們有充分的理由懷疑，通過剝奪我們天生抗脆弱的孩子成長所需的廣泛經(jīng)驗，我們正在系統(tǒng)性地阻止他們的成長。我們應(yīng)該放手，讓他們成長。由此可知，作者會同意讓孩子為路做準(zhǔn)備，而不是為孩子準(zhǔn)備路的觀點。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 By the time you read these words, winter should have gone within the Northern Hemisphere (半球). But at its worst, this winter was unusually cold. Here in New York City on January 31, the low temperature dropped to 17℃. In Chicago, it was also 17℃—but that was the high. The low jumped to 29℃. And the wind chill within the Windy City was 44℃ or 46℃, relying on which climate station was crying out in pain. As ic Lewis Black said, That is not weather. That39。s an emergency condition. When the forecast warned us a few days earlier that Arctic air was looming (陰森地逼近), President Trump issued a sincere and helpful tweet, which ended with: What the hell is going on with Global Warming? Please e back fast, we need you! And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request. On February 4 the Chicago temperature reached 11℃. And the following day the Big Apple was in a sunny 19℃. The Arctic is warming at twice the speed as the global average. This heat might help disrupt (打破) the polar vortex, a gradual wind pattern that usually stays focused on circling the North Pole. A shaky jet stream (高速氣流) then runs right into a brick wall of that Arctic air, which continues to be fairly cold by human standards, and both wind up lots of miles farther south than they usually belong. And for a few days we in the Deep South—by which I mean Chicago or New York pared with the Arctic—freeze our butts off. But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air ing up from the real South, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago reached 11℃ on February 4. Like so much else we are currently living through, this experience is not normal. Or it didn39。t used to be, anyway. After all, scientists have been warming—sorry, warning—that warming can have these very results. Climate change deniers may sneer (冷笑), So when it39。s warmer than usual, that39。s because of global warming. And when it39。s colder, that39。s also because of global warming? Well, yes. And anybody who just can39。t accept these k