【正文】 查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的”Nassim Taleb invented the word’antifragile‘a(chǎn)nd used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (過敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability.“納西姆塔勒布發(fā)明了抗脆弱這個詞，并使用它來描述一個很小但非常重要的系統(tǒng)類別，它從沖擊、挑戰(zhàn)和混亂中獲益。免疫系統(tǒng)就是其中之一:它需要在兒童時期接觸某些種類的細菌和潛在的過敏原，以充分發(fā)展其能力?？芍髡咴诘诙沃刑岬矫庖呦到y(tǒng)是為了幫助理解一個新單詞antifragile。故選D。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的”It39。s not the kids39。 fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less.“這不是孩子們的錯。在英國，就像在美國一樣，父母們在20世紀80年代和90年代變得更加害怕，因為有線電視和后來的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)讓每個人越來越多地暴露在那些現(xiàn)在越來越少發(fā)生的罕見的犯罪和事故面前?？芍?，父母過分保護孩子，因為他們擔心孩子的安全。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第五段中的”Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical petence.“然而，讓孩子們自己制定參與規(guī)則、承擔小風險并學會掌握小危險的自由游戲，對成人社交能力乃至身體能力的發(fā)展至關(guān)重要。可知，作者認為，自由玩?？梢蕴岣吆⒆拥倪m應力。故選A。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的”Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to bee strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go173。and let them grow.“然而，我們有充分的理由懷疑，通過剝奪我們天生抗脆弱的孩子成長所需的廣泛經(jīng)驗，我們正在系統(tǒng)性地阻止他們的成長。我們應該放手，讓他們成長。由此可知，作者會同意讓孩子為路做準備，而不是為孩子準備路的觀點。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解 The latest data from the Office for National Statistics shows that one in every 12 kids is living in homes where no one has worked for at least a year. That may be due to unemployment or issues such as sickness or disability that mean they can39。t work, and aren39。t required to. This is known as being in a long term workless family. The issues faced by children in workless families have very bad influence on their development and education, limiting their future employment prospects, and reducing their opportunities to succeed throughout their lives. Not only does worklessness reduce family ine, it can also damage families39。 health and stability, and thus destroy children39。s development. This is because many workless families are held back by disadvantages such as debt, drug and alcohol dependency, and by homelessness. Suffering from the family problems, many children face a greater and greater possibility of repeating the poor outes of their parents. Government research has shown that children in workless families are almost twice as likely not to reach the expected level at all stages of their education. For example, threequarters of children from families where no one works failed to reach the expected level at General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE), pared to around half of children in lowerine working families. So attention should be paid to children in outofwork homes. Having working parents means a child is more likely to do better at school, to have better health, education and development, and also means they are less likely to fall into crime. But for some families, worklessness, or not employment, is the norm. They just choose not to work. These families often face huge barriers to getting on with their lives but they take the opportunities offered by the society. Parents39。 ability to work is frustrated by issues like low skills or poor mental or physical health, or drug and alcohol dependency, leaving children without the stability they need. We all want to help workless families with plex problems so that their children can take advantage of the opportunities in Britain. We all want parents to have the chance to go out to earn a living and to enjoy the pleasure of work, so that their children can benefit from the good examples of working parents. In doing so, we should know the need to understand the plex issues that some families face and to develop a new approach to deal with poverty. Because the root causes are not financial. It is about helping families overe the problems they face so that they can go as far as their talents and hard work will take them. We shouldn39。t retreat from acting to deal with disadvantages, because we know the costs of inaction to individuals, munities and society.（1）According to the author, children in workless families may . A.have better performance at schoolB.take chances to go out to earn a livingC.be more able to deal with their problemsD.live the same lifestyles that their parents had（2）The underlined word norm in the fifth paragraph probably means . A.a huge barrierB.a turning pointC.a typical standardD.an unusual event（3）In the last paragraph the author mainly talked about . A.raising of social welfareB.solutions to the problemsC.development of the societyD.reforming of the government（4）The main purpose of the passage is to . A.introduce a study on children in workless familiesB.appeal to the readers to help children in workless familiesC.present a new approach to deal with poverty of workless familiesD.pare children39。s performances in workless families and lowine ones【答案】 （1）D（2）C（3）B（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，就家庭成員沒有工作的狀況會給孩子在學習，就業(yè)和生活上帶來負面影響這一問題進行了討論。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的Suffering from the family problems, many children face a greater and greater possibility of repeating the poor outes of their parents.很多遭遇家庭孩子更有可能重蹈父母的覆轍，可知，這些孩子很有可能過和父母一樣的生活。故選D。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第四段中的“But for some families, worklessness, or not employment, is the norm.”但是對于一些家庭來說，失業(yè)和不就業(yè)是一個典型的例子。聯(lián)系上文可知，一般的失業(yè)家庭是因為疾病，就業(yè)壓力等外部原因。但此處提到的家庭是they just choose not work自己選擇不工作,所以這種家庭是典型例子。故選C。 （3）考查段落大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ In doing so, we should know the need to understand the plex issues that some families face and to develop a new approach to deal with poverty. Because the root caus