【文章內(nèi)容簡介】
angiosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease 發(fā)病突然,迅速出現(xiàn)局限性神經(jīng)功能障礙 acute onset of a neurologic deficit 持續(xù)時間短 ,<24小時(xiǎosh237。) neurologic deficit persists for less 24 hours 不留后遺癥 no residual 可反復(fù)發(fā)作 recurrent attacks,第二十九頁,共七十頁。,頸內(nèi)動脈(d242。ngm224。i)系統(tǒng)TIA TIA of internal carotid artery,短暫性偏側(cè)或單肢無力 transient hemiparesis 面部(mi224。n b249。)、單肢或偏身麻木 hemisensory disturbances 同向偏盲或單眼一過性失明 homonymous hemianopia or transient ocellanae acroisa 失語 aphasia,第三十頁,共七十頁。,椎-基底動脈(d242。ngm224。i)系統(tǒng)TIA TIA of vertebrobasilar circulation,眩暈(vertigo)、復(fù)視(f249。 sh236。)(diplopia)、吞咽困難(acataposis)、共濟(jì)失調(diào)(ataxia) 交叉性癱瘓(crossed paralysis) 跌倒發(fā)作(drop attack)、短暫全面性遺忘癥(transient global amnesia TGA)、雙眼視力障礙發(fā)作(the onset of binocular vision disorders),第三十一頁,共七十頁。,診斷(zhěndu224。n) approach to diagnosis,中老年患者 senior 突然(tūr225。n)出現(xiàn)局限性神經(jīng)功能障礙 acute onset of a neurologic deficit 24小時完全恢復(fù) complete recovery in 24 hours CT、MRI(-) TCD監(jiān)測,第三十二頁,共七十頁。,鑒別(ji224。nbi233。)診斷 differential diagnosis,部分(b249。 fen)性癲癇(part epilepsy) 梅尼埃?。∕eniere disease) 顱內(nèi)占位性病變(intracranial spaceoccupying lesion),第三十三頁,共七十頁。,治療(zh236。li225。o) treatment,藥物治療(drug treatment) 抗血小板聚集(j249。j237。) (antiplatelet therapy) Asprin 50~150mg,po, Qd 噻氯匹定(ticlopidine) 氯吡格雷(clopidogrel) 雙嘧達(dá)莫 (dipyridamole,DPA) 奧扎格雷(ozagrel) 80mg,ivgtt,bid 抗凝 (anticoagulation) 肝素(heparin)100mg+5%葡萄糖500ml,ivgtt,10~20滴/min 低分子肝素(low molecular weight heparin)4000IU,腹壁皮下注射,bid Warfarin 鈣拮抗劑:尼莫地平、鹽酸氟桂嗪(nimodipine、flunarizine) 其他(others) 中藥治療(tranditional medicine treatment) 擴(kuò)血管治療:罌粟堿、倍他司丁、煙酸(papaverine、betahistine、nicotinic acid),第三十四頁,共七十頁。,治療(zh236。li225。o) treatment,病因治療(etilogical treatment) 手術(shù)治療(surgery) 管腔狹窄>70%,伴反復(fù)TIA,可考慮(kǎolǜ)介入治療或頸動脈內(nèi)膜剝除術(shù),第三十五頁,共七十頁。,預(yù)后(y249。h242。u) prognosis,腦梗死 cerebral infarction 反復(fù)發(fā)作(fāzu242。) recurrent attacks 自行緩解 release without treatment,第三十六頁,共七十頁。,缺血性腦卒中,cerebral ischemic stroke,第三十七頁,共七十頁。,缺血性腦卒中 cerebral ischemic stroke , CIS,由于腦部血液供應(yīng)障礙(zh224。ng 224。i),缺血、缺氧引起的局限性腦組織的缺血性壞死或腦軟化 又稱腦梗死(cerebral infarction,CI),臨床常見類型有動脈粥樣硬化性血栓性腦梗死、腦栓塞和腔隙性梗死等。腦梗死約占全部腦卒中的80% Cerebral ischemic stroke is again called cerebral infarction, which is caused by insufficient inflow of blood , then ischemia and hypoxia cause local cerebral tissue’s ischemic necrosis or encephalomalacia,第三十八頁,共七十頁。,動脈(d242。ngm224。i)粥樣硬化性血栓性腦梗死 arterothrombotic cerebral infarction,通常是指腦動脈的主干或其皮層支因動脈粥樣硬化等血管病變(b236。ngbi224。n),導(dǎo)致的官腔狹窄或閉塞并進(jìn)而發(fā)生學(xué)栓形成,造成腦局部供血區(qū)血流中斷,發(fā)生腦組織缺血、缺氧、軟化壞死,出現(xiàn)相應(yīng)的神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)癥狀和體征 the vessel diseases are caused by cerebral arterial stems’ or its cortex branches’ atherosclerosis and various arteritis, which cause vessel constriction or emphraxis and then form thrombosis and local blood flow breaks. So cerebral tissue ischemia, hypoxia ,softening and necrosis,which cause corresponding nervous system symptoms and signs.,第三十九頁,共七十頁。,病因(b236。ngyīn) etiopathogenisis,腦動脈粥樣硬化cerebral atherosclerosis 高血壓 hypertension 糖尿病 diabetes 血脂異常hyperlipemia 腦動脈炎cerebral arteritis 結(jié)締組織疾病connective tissue diseases 先天性血