【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生,用一般式。如果發(fā)生在之前,則用完成式,如果強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行,則用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如果動(dòng)作在將來(lái)發(fā)生,則用不定式。主要是指一些習(xí)慣用法,固定搭配等。二．獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的“五步驟”，建立獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)概念。最初的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)就是帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，它的作用相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)。，理解獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的功能。我們清楚地看出獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)和分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣來(lái)源于狀語(yǔ)從句。分詞作狀語(yǔ)和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別就在于邏輯主語(yǔ)的不同，分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ)，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是分詞前邊的名詞或代詞。要將復(fù)合句或并列句改成簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意：要根據(jù)分詞和獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)邏輯主語(yǔ)的不同情況改寫(xiě)句子，當(dāng)復(fù)合句或并列句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，適合改成分詞作狀語(yǔ)；當(dāng)復(fù)合句或并列句的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，適合改成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)。，全面掌握獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。有時(shí)將并列句或復(fù)合句改成簡(jiǎn)單句時(shí)，應(yīng)注意：原句中含有 be 動(dòng)詞時(shí)，一律改成 being 形式，being 后面為非名詞時(shí) being 可忽略。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)除了分詞式獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)之外，還有介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式式獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，可用作伴隨狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)?！緦ｎ}綜合】 their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of throw throwing in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of 版權(quán)所有@高考資源網(wǎng)高考資源網(wǎng)（）您身邊的高考專家much as we speak 39。s new job paid twice as much as she had made _____in the work soldier fell asleep the candle burning the candle he was burning the candle burning the candle , the Tiananmen Square looks more on being on all the lights on it turns on all the lights the notice, he had an he was watching watching the above the notice, an idea came to his he was watching watching the above 參考答案：15 CBBAC 610 DDDCC 1115BBDCA 1619 ACDA 版權(quán)所有@高考資源網(wǎng)第三篇：山東省2013年高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題整合突破八 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞2013年高考第二輪復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)山東版八、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞真題試做1．(2012山東高考，26)George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left ．to be toldB．telling C．being toldD．told 2．(2011山東高考，27)Look over there—there39。s a very long，winding path ______ up to the ．leadingB．leads C．ledD．to lead 3．(2010山東高考，23)I have a lot of readings ______ before the end of this ．pletingB．to plete C．pletedD．being pleted 4．(2010山東高考，29)The living room is clean and tidy，with a dining table already ______ for a meal to be ．laidB．laying C．to layD．being laid 考向分析1．考查對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的識(shí)別，要求明確句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的基本用法。2．考查不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的區(qū)別，要求掌握一些常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞后面所接賓語(yǔ)的形式。3．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別，尤其是不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)、過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)所表示的不同時(shí)間、邏輯關(guān)系和意義。現(xiàn)在分詞和不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別應(yīng)引起足夠重視。4．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式、完成式、被動(dòng)式及復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，要求掌握其構(gòu)成形式、所表示的時(shí)間以及邏輯關(guān)系。熱點(diǎn)例析考點(diǎn)一：謂語(yǔ)與非謂語(yǔ)形式的識(shí)別試題以復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)和冗長(zhǎng)的句式呈現(xiàn)，考查考生是否能瞻前顧后地分清句子成分、理解句子結(jié)構(gòu)、明白句子意義，正確判斷、識(shí)別動(dòng)詞在句中是否充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)?！镜淅治觥?2012浙江高考，8)I think Tom，as the head of a big department，should either study regularly or ______ his ．quitsB．to quit C．quittingD．quit 答案為D項(xiàng)。該句使用了either...or...并列結(jié)構(gòu)，either后面是動(dòng)詞原形study，or后面也應(yīng)該是動(dòng)詞原形quit，故選擇D項(xiàng)構(gòu)成并列謂語(yǔ)。(2012全國(guó)高考Ⅱ，10)Tony lent me the money，______ that I39。d do as much for ．hopingB．to hope C．hopedD．having hoped 答案為A項(xiàng)。由于空前沒(méi)有連詞，應(yīng)排除謂語(yǔ)形式的C項(xiàng)，如果用hoped則應(yīng)在空前加and；根據(jù)空前的逗號(hào)可排除B項(xiàng)，因?yàn)閯?dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其前不加逗號(hào)；“希望??”并不是發(fā)生在“托尼借給我錢”之前，故排除表示完成的having hoped；由于Tony與hope之間存在主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選擇現(xiàn)在分詞hoping作狀語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)二：非謂語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式主語(yǔ)it常用來(lái)代替不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。如：C．to correctD．correcting 答案為D項(xiàng)。在介詞by后面，and 前后連接兩個(gè)并列賓語(yǔ)，根據(jù)making可知此處選correcting。句意：一個(gè)人在犯錯(cuò)和糾錯(cuò)中學(xué)會(huì)一種語(yǔ)言?？键c(diǎn)四：非謂語(yǔ)形式作定語(yǔ)1．時(shí)間關(guān)系不同：不定式作定語(yǔ)通常表示一個(gè)未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)；過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)多表已完成的動(dòng)作，或沒(méi)有一定的時(shí)間性(只表示被動(dòng))。如：I have a lot of work to tall girl standing there is a basketball is a play written by ．邏輯關(guān)系不同：不定式所修飾的詞可能是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)，也可能是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)；現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，它所修飾的詞一定是它的邏輯主語(yǔ)；過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)所修飾的詞一般是它的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。如：He is the first to get is the man to depend is the very person looking for letter posted today will probably reach him the day after ．不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，不要遺漏必要的介詞。如：He found a good house to live in.【典例分析】(2012浙江高考，11)“It39。s such a nice place，” Mother said as she sat at the table______ for ．to be reservedB．having reserved C．reservingD．reserved 答案為D項(xiàng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)形式修飾table，“桌子”是“被預(yù)訂或保留”的，所以用過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)。考點(diǎn)五：非謂語(yǔ)形式作狀語(yǔ) 1．不定式作狀語(yǔ)：(1)表示目的，直接用不定式或so as to/in order to。如： He worked day and night to get the money.(2)表示結(jié)果，更常見(jiàn)于so...as to，such...as to，enough to，too...to結(jié)構(gòu)中，only接不定式也常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。如：I visited him only to find him out.(3)表示原因，用在作表語(yǔ)的某些表示情感的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞后面，說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生某種情緒的原因或是在哪方面存在謂語(yǔ)所表示的情況等。如：They were very sad to hear the ．現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示的必須是主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)動(dòng)作，即分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句子的主語(yǔ)?，F(xiàn)在分詞可以作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)。作原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句首；作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在句子后面，表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：Hearing the news，they all jumped with fired his gun，killing the night long he lay awake，thinking of the ．過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)作與句子的主語(yǔ)是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞可以作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)、方式狀語(yǔ)和伴隨狀語(yǔ)。如： Seen from the hill，the city looks more better attention，the cabbages could have grown better.【典例分析】(2012遼寧高考，29)This machine is very easy can learn to use it in a few ．operatingB．to be operatingA．to followB．following C．followedD．follows 答案為B項(xiàng)。句意：這對(duì)老年夫婦經(jīng)常晚飯后去公園散步，后面跟著他們的寵物狗。此處是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，可排除D項(xiàng)；由于賓語(yǔ)dog與follow之間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，可排除C項(xiàng)；不定式一般表示將來(lái)，可排除A項(xiàng)；答案為B項(xiàng)，現(xiàn)在分詞形式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)?？键c(diǎn)七：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式、進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式 1．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式均是在前面加not。He pretended not to see regret not following his having tried his best，he failed in the ．不定式的進(jìn)行式、完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(情況)發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，不定式要用進(jìn)行式。The boy pretended to be working ，不定式要用完成式。I happened to have seen the ，不定式要用被動(dòng)式。The patient asked to be operated on at ．動(dòng)名詞的完成式、被動(dòng)式、完成被動(dòng)式和帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。We remembered having seen the came to the party without being forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years not knowing English troubled him a ．現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式和被動(dòng)式。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作早于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生時(shí)，現(xiàn)在分詞要用完成式。Having done his homework，he played ，現(xiàn)在分詞要用被動(dòng)式。The problem being discussed is very been told many times，the naughty boy made the same mistake.【典例分析】(2012湖南高考，21)We39。ve had a good start，but next，more work needs ______ to achieve the final ．being doneB．do C．to be doneD．to do 答案為C項(xiàng)。句意：我們已經(jīng)有了一個(gè)很好的開(kāi)端，但要想獲得最終的成功，接下來(lái)更多的工作還需要完成。主語(yǔ)more work與后面的do存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以needs后面要用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)。(2012福建高考，28)China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ______ in the South China ．a(chǎn)ttackingB．having attacked C．being attackedD．having been attacked 答案為C項(xiàng)。由于Chinese fishing boats與attack之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以排除表示主動(dòng)的A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)；由句意“最近中國(guó)加緊對(duì)黃巖島附近水域的控制來(lái)阻止中國(guó)漁船在中國(guó)南海受到攻擊”可知attack的動(dòng)作并沒(méi)有發(fā)生，因此排除表示完成的D項(xiàng)；故答案為C項(xiàng)。(2012重慶高考，28)We39。re having a meeting in half an decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our ．to be madeB．being made C．madeD．having been made 答案為A項(xiàng)。根據(jù)第一句in half an hour可知，會(huì)議還沒(méi)有開(kāi)始，因此決定還沒(méi)有做出，只是將要做出，故排除B、C、D三項(xiàng)；不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)，符合題意。句