【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 nfluencing decisions made by other delegates during a 。Member State 成員國A country that has ratified the Charter of the United Nations and whose application to join has been accepted by the General Assembly and Security , there are 192 member only internationally recognized state that is not a member state is the Holy 、并且加入申請已經(jīng)被聯(lián)合國大會和安理會接受的國家。目前聯(lián)合國一共有192個成員國。唯一一個國際承認的非成員國家是教廷梵蒂岡。Moderated Caucus 有主持核心磋商A type of caucus with a specific topic and restricted total time, moderated Caucus enables delegates to focus on detailed problems in a short period of 、限總發(fā)言時間的磋商形式。有主持核心磋商可以讓代表在短時間內(nèi)關注更為具體的問題。Motion 動議A suggestion made by a delegate to change the current motion might refer to a caucus, an adjournment, an introduction to a draft resolution, or closing the ，需要全體代表投票表決。這些動議的內(nèi)容可以是進行磋商、休會、介紹決議草案或者進入投票階段。Motion to Close Debate 動議停止辯論A motion to close debate is not the same as the motion to suspend , it is used to move the mittee to a vote, usually when the delegate has made his or her country39。s position clear and there are enough and fully discussed draft resolutions on the 。當結(jié)束辯論的動議生效后，會議將進入投票階段。此動議一般在代表認為立場已經(jīng)得到充分闡述，且決議草案已較為完善的情況下提出。Motion for a Moderated Caucus 動議有主持核心磋商動議Delegates make a motion for a moderated caucus in order to set a discussion on a specific motion for a moderated caucus, delegates are required to propose topic, total time and the speaking time for each 。有主持核心磋商討論的主題、總時間、各代表發(fā)言時間由提出此動議的代表提出。Motion to Set Speaking Time 動議更改發(fā)言時間Delegates propose a motion to set the speaking time for the purpose of setting or changing the amount of time each delegate has to speak in the speakers39。 ，來重置每位代表在發(fā)言名單中的發(fā)言時間。Motion to Suspend the Meeting 動議暫停會議Delegates propose a motion to suspend the meeting for the purpose of ending a session and having a ，并使會議進入休息時間。Motion for an Unmoderated Caucus 動議自由磋商A motion for an unmoderated caucus is usually proposed under the purpose to set a free discussion so that the delegates can exchange ideas with other delegates in your need to set the total time for an unmoderated caucus in the 。一旦動議獲得通過，在規(guī)定時間內(nèi)代表可以離開座位，更為密切地和盟友們交換意見。MUNer 模聯(lián)人People who have participated or are participating in Model UN 。Observer 觀察員An observer is a state, national organization, regional organization, or nongovernmental organization that is not a member of the UN nor a member of a specific mittee, but participates in the can vote on procedural matters but not substantive matters, Holy See or the State of Israel participating in the Security Council meeting regarding IsraelPalestine 、政府組織、區(qū)域組織或者非政府組織。國家觀察員可以對程序性問題投票，但是不能對實體性問題進行投票。例如教廷梵蒂岡和參與安全理事會巴以問題討論的以色列。On the floor 被討論狀態(tài)At a Model UN conference, when a working paper or draft resolution is first written, it may not be discussed in it is approved by the Director and introduced by the mittee, it is put “on the floor” and may be further ，一份工作文件或者決議草案剛剛完成的時候不能夠被討論。只有在得到會議指導的認可并且被委員會介紹后，它才進入“被討論狀態(tài)”進而可以被廣泛討論。Operative Clause 行動性條款Operative clause is a part of a resolution which describes how the UN will address a clauses are written with verbs in third person singular form as beginning(, establishes, remends, etc.).決議中描述聯(lián)合國將如何解決問題的部分，以動詞第三人稱單數(shù)（比如決定，成立，建議等等）開頭。Page 意向條In order to maintain the order of the conference, a delegate should write notes on pages to ask questions, lobby or negotiate with other delegates or a dais member during a should be written in the official working language of the ，開會期間代表如有任何問題或者需要進行游說、溝通，都要通過書寫并傳遞意向條的方式向其他代表或主席團成員表達。意向條的書寫需要符合該委員會的工作語言要求。Pager 意向條傳遞者A delegate in a Model UN mittee that has volunteered to pass pages from one delegate to another, or from a delegate to the dais, for a short period of 。Parliamentary Procedure 議會議事程序Parliamentary procedure is based on the consideration of the rights: of the majority, of the minority, of individual members, of absentee members, of all of these groups taken ，為保護各種人和人群的權利（包括意見占多數(shù)的人，意見占少數(shù)的人，甚至是每一個人，以及沒有出席會議的人）而制定出的議事規(guī)則，即為議會議事程序。Placard 國家牌A piece of cardstock with a country39。s name on it that a delegate raises in the air to answer the roll call or signal to the Chair that he or she wishes to ，代表舉起它回應點名或向主席示意希望發(fā)言。Point 問題A request raised by a delegate for information or for an action relating to that include a point of order, a point of inquiry, and a point of personal 。包括程序性問題、詢問性問題和個人權利問題。Point of Order 組織性問題A point of order is used when a delegate believes the chair has made an error in the running of the delegate should only specify the errors they believe were made in the formal mittee procedure, but may not address when the topic being ，可提出組織性問題，以糾正主席錯誤。代表需要明晰該錯誤為何不符合該委員會的規(guī)則流程。組織性問題可以打斷進程提出，但不能在討論議題時提出。Point of Inquiry 咨詢性問題A point of inquiry(also known as a point of parliamentary procedure)can be made when the floor is open( no other delegate is speaking)in order to ask the chairperson a question regarding the rules of ，可以在臺上沒有代表發(fā)言時舉牌向主席咨詢。Point of Personal Privilege 個人特權問題A delegate may raise a point of personal privilege in order to inform the chairperson of a physical disfort he or she is experiencing, such as not being able to hear another delegate39。s ，可以提出個人特權問題，例如：無法聽到臺上代表講話。Position Paper 立場文件An essay details a country39。s policies on the topics being discussed in the mittee, usually written and delivered to the dais by delegates before a Model UN ，需要代表在會前書寫完成并提交至主席團。Preambulatory Clauses 序言性條款The part of a resolution that describes previous actions taken on the topic and reasons why the resolution is begins with a participle or adjective(, concerned, regretting, aware of, recalling, etc.).決議中描述之前與議題有關的行動以及決議的必要性的部分。一般以分詞或者形容詞開頭。Present 到/出席“Present” refers to “in attendance”.Delegates who are in presence are required to raise up their placards and answer “Present” when their countries39。 names are called during the roll need to send pages to the dais to inform their attendance if they didn39。t arrive at the conference on special mittees consisting of delegates with rights to vote and those