【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 為關系詞，關系詞有關系代詞和關系副詞。關系代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；關系副詞有where, when, why等。關系詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3在定語從句中擔當一個成分。定語從句是由關系代詞或關系副詞引導的從句，其作用是作定語修飾主句的某個名詞性成分，相當于形容詞，所以又稱為形容詞性從句．２ 定語（一）限定性定語從句，which代表事物；它們在從句中作主語或賓語，that在從句中作賓語時常可省略關系詞，which在從句中作賓語則不能省略。而且，如果which在從句中作“不及物動詞＋介詞”的介詞的賓語，注意介詞不要丟掉，而且介詞總是放在關系代詞which的前邊，但有的則放在它原來的位置，根據(jù)先行詞與定語從句之間的語義關系，先行詞與which之間的介詞不能丟，但在帶有下列詞的句子中用that而不用which，這些詞包括當先行詞是anything, everything, nothing ,few, all, none, little, some等代詞時，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修飾時等，這時的that常被省略，分別作從句中的主語和賓語，whom作賓語時，要注意它可以作動詞的賓語也可以作介詞的賓語，用來表示地點的定語從句［注］值得一提的是，表示時間“time“一詞的定語從句只用when引導，有時不用任何關系代詞，當然也不用that引導By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two still remember the first time I met time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush ，修飾名詞作定語，, 當它引導的從句修飾物體時, 可以與 of which 調(diào)換, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時，常用there is來引導There is somebody here who wants to speak to 。（二）非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last 史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我的老師。My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely 。This novel, which I have read three times, is very ，我已經(jīng)讀了三遍。, 對其進行修飾, 這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets ，這使我心煩。Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called ，這就叫做蒸發(fā)。，不能用關系副詞why和關系代詞that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物.；（三）關系代詞引導的定語從句，在從句中做主語(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his ，在定語從句中充當賓語，?？墒÷浴?1) is the person(whom)you talked about on the bus.(2) is just the boy whom I want to ：關系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(3)The man who/whom you met just now is my friend，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2)This is the pen(which)he bought ,: He is the man whom/who I talk : He is the man who has an English ，相當于who或者whom；指物時，相當于which。在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(5)The number of the people that/who e to visit the city each year rises one million.(6)Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen ，常用以下結構來代替(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?(6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?（四）注意介詞+關系代詞引導的定語從句關系代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時從句常由介詞+關系代詞引導(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine(that/which)you asked for.(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer(whom/that/who)we have often talked about.(6)We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often ：，如：look for, look after, take care of等(1)This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T)(2)This is the watch for which I am looking.(F)，關系代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that；指物時用which，不能用that；關系代詞是所有格時用whose(1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)(2)The man with that you talked is my friend.(F)(3)The plane in which we flew to Canada is very fortable.(T)(4)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very fortable.(F)3.“介詞+關系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞(1)He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2)In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.（五）關系副詞引導的定語從句，在定語從句中做時間狀語(1)I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2)The time when we got together finally ，在定語從句中做地點狀語(1)Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2)The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled ，在定語從句中做原因狀語(1)Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2)I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy ：關系副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的從句替換(1)The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear，(2)From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3)Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.（六）判斷關系代詞與關系副詞方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。不及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關系副詞或者是介詞加關系代詞；而及物動詞后接賓語，則要求用關系代詞。例如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last 39。ll never forget the days when I worked together with （注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。）（錯）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對）This is the mountain village(which)I visited last year.（對）I39。ll never forget the days(which)I spent in the where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。 this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? which one this the museum ____ the exhibition was held? which one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was ，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關系代詞，所以應選D。而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。關系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose)；先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關系副詞(where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語)。（七）介詞+關系詞1）介詞后面的關系詞不能省略。2）that前不能有介詞。3）某些在從句中充當時間，地點或原因狀語的”介詞+關系詞“結構可以同關系副詞when ,where和why 互換。This is the house in which I lived two years is the house where I lived two years you remember the day on which you joined our club?Do you remember the day when you joined our club?This is the reason why he came is the reason for which he came late.（八）先行詞和關系詞二合一1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替)2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to te