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非限定性定語從句與限制性定語從句講解與練習(xí)試題(編輯修改稿)

2024-09-01 18:09 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 it very light.竹子是空的,這就使得它很輕。 在否定意義的非限制性定語從句里,一般用which引導(dǎo)。   5.He came to my birthday party,which I didn39。t expect at all.我完全沒有想到,他來參加我的生日聚會(huì)了。    who,whom,whose等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),指代人的普通名詞、專有名詞等。表示正是或?qū)V赶刃性~等情況。在定語從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。   1.Bob39。s father,who worked on the project,spent four years in Egypt.鮑勃的父親從事這項(xiàng)工程,在埃及度過了四年。   2.Dad,this is Zheng Jie,who I knew in Paris.爸,這是鄭杰,我在巴黎認(rèn)識(shí)的。 這一句是用主格who代替賓格 whom。   3.His mother,whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.他非常愛戴他的母親,她死于 1818年。   4.Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重傷,他很快就被送去住院了。   n./pron./num....prep.whom;prep. whom;in whose +n.;the +n.of whom等引導(dǎo)非限制性的定語從句。   5.He spoke of a penpal,the name of whom /whose name I39。ve never forgotten.他提到過一個(gè)筆友,他的名字我從未忘記。   6. About 2,000people,many of whom were Europeans,worked on the project.大約兩千人從事過這項(xiàng)工程,其中很多是歐洲人。   7. In his office there are nine clerks,the youngest of whom is Mr Liu.他辦公室有9個(gè)職員,其中最年輕的是劉先生。  8. I decided to write about Chaplin,one of whose films I had seen several years before.我決定寫有關(guān)卓別林的文章,他的一部電影我?guī)啄昵熬涂催^了。   9.We went to hear this famous singer, about whom we had heard many stories.我們?nèi)ヂ犨@個(gè)著名的歌唱家演唱。我們已經(jīng)聽說了有關(guān)他的很多故事。   10.Mr Pattis,in whose office Ms King was working,was very surprised when he found out her secret.金女士在帕蒂思辦公室工作。他發(fā)現(xiàn)她的秘密時(shí)感到非常驚奇。   五、when,where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),作定語從句的狀語。when =and then, where =and there。why不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。   1.He was quickly taken to hospital,where a doctor wanted to examine Mr King39。s legs.金先生很快被送去住院,在那里一個(gè)醫(yī)生要檢查他的腿。   2. We will put off the outing until next week,when we won39。t be so busy.我們把郊游推遲到下個(gè)星期,當(dāng)我們不忙的時(shí)候。   3.He went to America in 1912,where and when he was noticed by an important film director.他在1912年去了美國,在那里當(dāng)時(shí)的他引起了一個(gè)重要電影導(dǎo)演的注意。   在prep.where /when非限制性定語從句里,where =there,when =then。 4.His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees.他的頭很快從第二層樓的一個(gè)窗戶伸出來了,從那里他只能看見樹木。 5.That was in 1929,since when things have been better.那是在1929年,從那時(shí)起情況就已經(jīng)好轉(zhuǎn)了。    6.I went to bed at ten,before when I was reading for an hour.我10點(diǎn)去睡覺,在那時(shí)以前我看了1小時(shí)的書。   有時(shí)候where /when可以用prep.which替換。   7.The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves.南方各州要建立一個(gè)屬于他們自己的國家,在那里他們將自由地保留黑人奴隸。   8.I still remembered January 10,on which /when he came to see me.我仍然記得1月10日,他來看我的那一天。 值得注意的是,不少同學(xué)誤認(rèn)為只有 which 才能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)是不正確的。使用非限制性定語從句時(shí),如果先行詞指人,則用 who , which 或 whose 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞指物可用 which 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;先行詞表時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)且在從句中作時(shí)間狀語或地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí),可用 when , where 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。七、限制性和非限制性定語從句定語從句有限制性和非限制性定語從句兩種。一般地說,限制性定語從句用來限制先行詞的意義,與先行詞關(guān)系密切,是整個(gè)句子不可缺少的一部分,否則會(huì)造成全句意義不明確。而非限制性定語從句帶有補(bǔ)充說明的性質(zhì),與先行詞之間存在一種松散的修飾關(guān)系,去掉后一般不會(huì)影響句子的主要意義。概括起來,兩者有如下區(qū)別: 1)形式不同:限制性定語從句常緊跟其先行詞,中間不用逗號(hào)隔開;而非限制性定語從句與先行詞之間常用逗號(hào)隔開。 After living in Paris for fifty years, he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child. 在巴黎生活了50年后,他回到了小時(shí)候生活過的那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。 2)意義不同 :請比較下面兩個(gè)句子: My brother who is 18 years old is a college student. 我18歲的那個(gè)弟弟是大學(xué)生。 My brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student. 我弟弟是大學(xué)生,今年18歲。 第一句中,限制性定語從句限制了先行詞的意義,明確是18歲的那個(gè)弟弟(而不是其他的,即有可能還有幾個(gè)弟弟)。第二句使用了非限制性定語從句,表明可能只有一個(gè)弟弟,18歲,起補(bǔ)充說明作用。另外,如果先行詞是專有名詞或獨(dú)一無二的人或物,通常用非限制性定語從句。 His mother, who loved him very much, died in 1818. 最愛他的母親于1818年去世了。 I like to chat with Jack, who is a clever boy. 我喜歡和杰克聊天,他是個(gè)聰明人。 When he was 17, he went to a technical school in Zurich, Switzerland, where he studied maths and physics. 17歲那年,他到瑞士的蘇黎士一家技校上學(xué),在那兒他學(xué)習(xí)了數(shù)學(xué)和物理。 3)先行詞不同:限制性定語從句的先行詞通常是名詞或代詞,而非限制性定語從句的先行詞除名詞或代詞外,還可以是整個(gè)主句(此時(shí),常用which或as引導(dǎo)從句)。 All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需要的只是一些油而已。 Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubted very much. 凱羅爾說工作可在10月前完工,這一點(diǎn)我個(gè)人深感懷疑。 As has been announced, we shall have our final exams next week. (2003上海春) 我們將于下周舉行期末考試,這一點(diǎn)剛才已經(jīng)宣布了。 句中as 是關(guān)系代詞,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,指代后面整個(gè)主句的內(nèi)容。 4)引導(dǎo)詞不同:限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用關(guān)系代詞that, which, who( whom, whose), as和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why;除that 和why 外,其它的關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞均可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。 He is the only one of the students who / that has been a winner of scholarship for three years. (NMET 2000春) 他在這些學(xué)生中是唯一連續(xù)3年獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金的一個(gè)。 She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into her mouth. (MET 1991) 她聽到一個(gè)可怕的聲音,差點(diǎn)兒把膽都給嚇破了。(句中which不可用that代替) The famous basketball star, who tried to make a eback, attracted a lot of attention. (2002 春季) 那個(gè)籃球明星試圖復(fù)出江湖,吸引了眾人的注意。(句中who不可用that代替) 5)引導(dǎo)詞省略情況不同:眾所周知,在限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞如果充當(dāng)從句的賓語可以省略;而非限制性定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞是不能省略的。 Is this the book (that / which) you a
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