【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 農(nóng)業(yè)推廣，推廣體制，推廣經(jīng)費(fèi)，推廣人員AbstractAgrculture technique extension system of China is set up in the Planned economy system period，and contribute to the agriculture the market economy system development，the problem of agriculture technique extension system is displayed gradually：Agrculture extension Organization is old。the departments of research、education and extension are grievously disjointed。Sections and regions are divided up。the investment mechanism of agriculture technique extension is not sound。and materils supply is seriously lack。govemment management is not seasoned with the market39。s demand。extension budget is lack and construction is not quality of basic extension deputy and farmer technology is low, order to deal with the questions of agricultural technique extension of China, the paper, according to the system theory and experience of agricultural technology extension in the world, bine the basic situation of China, make great efforts to explore the scientific agricultural technique extension system, in order to excite the enthusiasm and inherent potentiality of agricultural scientific researchers, agricultural technique extension deputys, farmers to the maximum extent, improve the quality of agricultural technique extension deputys and farmers, promote agricultural technique extension macroscopical administration, ensure the agricultural technique extension systemand the supplyof manpower, financial resources and material resources , information , optimum system, thus raise diffusion of the scientific findings and transformation efficiency , shorten the cycle that science and technology, scientific findings apply to agricultural the basis of the thing that make investigations to the system ofagricultural technology popularization of our country, the drawback existing to the current agricultural technology popularization system carries on indepth analysis, propose the countermeasure of the reform:(1)Set up the centre of development of modern agricultural science and technology according to the agricultural area overall arrangement, adopt and send the form to reform the agricultural technology popularization organizations of villages and towns, implement the qualification system of the job, introduce the petition and incentive mechanism。(2)Strengthen government39。s agricultural extension aggregate investment, improve investment structure, perfect the input mechanism of project funds, form the system of pluralistic investment and financing progressively。(3)Adopt “production , teaching, research” and bine the mode closely, the management of science and technology, scientific and technological information, skills training, achievement of relying on the agricultural universities and colleges and Ramp。D institution transform four platforms,promote the transformation of the agricultural technological achievement。(4)It is multiform, multichannel to adopt, improve the professional qualifications of the extension worker of agricultural technology and peasants39。 scientific and technological cutural dynamics, guarantee the effective transformation of the agricultural technological achievement.(5)Technique extension strengthen the information networking construction of agricultural technology further, ensure the unblocked transmission of agricultural technical information。(6)Guide the construction of peasant39。s cooperative association, improve peasants39。 ability to resist market risk。(7)Perfect and perfect the legal system system construction of agricultural technology popularization, ensure the legitimate rights and interests of the extension worker and peasant of agricultural words：Agriculture extension。Extension system。Extension find。Extension personnel目錄第一章 緒論第一章 研究背景、目的和意義 選題背景經(jīng)過(guò) 20 多年的改革與發(fā)展，尤其是加入 WTO 以來(lái)，我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)生了巨大的變化，目前已進(jìn)入一個(gè)新的發(fā)展階段。國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)和國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的全面接軌，這即為我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)和農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展帶來(lái)前所未有的機(jī)遇，也使其面臨許多新的挑戰(zhàn)。置身于這樣的背景下，作為農(nóng)業(yè)社會(huì)化服務(wù)體系和國(guó)家對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)支持保護(hù)體系的重要組成部分，農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系應(yīng)該怎樣發(fā)展，怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)新的挑戰(zhàn)、適應(yīng)新的要求，是一個(gè)需要認(rèn)真思考和研究的問(wèn)題。1993 年 7 月，我國(guó)正式頒布實(shí)施《農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣法》，對(duì)推廣工作的原則、推廣體系的職責(zé)、推廣工作的范圍和國(guó)家對(duì)推廣工作的保障機(jī)制等重大問(wèn)題做出了原則規(guī)定，是我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣事業(yè)的一個(gè)里程碑。1995 年，農(nóng)業(yè)部將全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣總站、全國(guó)植物保護(hù)總站、全國(guó)土壤肥料總站、全國(guó)種子總站合并，建立了全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心，使其成為全國(guó)種植業(yè)技術(shù)推廣的龍頭。2000 年底統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國(guó)有種植業(yè)技術(shù)推廣機(jī)構(gòu) 萬(wàn)個(gè)，農(nóng)技推廣人員 萬(wàn)余人。國(guó)家設(shè)有全國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣服務(wù)中心，省級(jí)為省農(nóng)技推廣中心或分設(shè)的農(nóng)技推廣、植保、土肥、種子等總站，地(市)級(jí)設(shè)農(nóng)技推廣中心或分立的農(nóng)技推廣、植保、土肥、種子等站。縣級(jí)主要設(shè)農(nóng)技推廣中心。鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)一級(jí)設(shè)農(nóng)技站。全國(guó)約 20%的村設(shè)有農(nóng)技服務(wù)組織，共有 193 萬(wàn)農(nóng)民技術(shù)員，660 多萬(wàn)個(gè)科技示范戶。農(nóng)民專業(yè)技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì) 15 萬(wàn)多個(gè)，囊括 500 多萬(wàn)農(nóng)戶，約占全國(guó)農(nóng)戶總數(shù)的 2%。這一農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)期，對(duì)鞏固我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)的基礎(chǔ)地位、推動(dòng)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展做出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。但是，隨著社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)的建立，已有的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系已遠(yuǎn)不能適應(yīng)新形勢(shì)下農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)及農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的需要。 研究目的和意義本文通過(guò)對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系改革研究，借鑒國(guó)際上農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系理論與經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合我國(guó)的基本情況，努力探索科學(xué)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系，以最大限度地激發(fā)農(nóng)業(yè)科研人員、農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣工作者、農(nóng)民的積極性和內(nèi)在潛力，提高農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣工作者和農(nóng)民的素質(zhì)，合理地組織分工與協(xié)作，發(fā)揮組織效能，改善農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣宏觀管理行為，使農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系成為人、財(cái)、物、信息、管理最優(yōu)組合的系統(tǒng)。從而提高科研成果的擴(kuò)散與轉(zhuǎn)化效率，縮短科學(xué)技術(shù)、科研成果應(yīng)用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的周期。在對(duì)我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系調(diào)查研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)現(xiàn)行農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣體系存在的弊端進(jìn)行深入分析，提出改革的對(duì)策。 研究?jī)?nèi)容和方法 研究?jī)?nèi)容本文旨在通總結(jié)世界上主要的推廣體系類型，美國(guó)、日本等國(guó)的農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)推廣的組織形