【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 。 24 Love and Loyalty to Thornton 24 Jumping off the Cliff 25 Saving the Life of Thornton 25 Helping Thornton Win the Bet 26 Taking Revenge on Yeehats 26 The Philosophy of Mencius 27 Conclusion 28 Bibliography 31 Acknowledgements 33 1 Analysis of the Complicated Nature of Buck in The Call of the Wild Tang Haokun Abstract The Call of the Wild is the masterpiece of Jack London who is one of the most renowned American writers. It was published in 1903. The plex character of the protagonist dog Buck is the main factor to cause the novel perpetual. The arduous paths Buck went through were a reflection of American social reality in the 20th century, and it reproduced the Klondike Gold Rush Age in American history. It’s a key point to study the writer’s viewpoints and the social background by analyzing Buck’s character. At the beginning this thesis introduces Darwin’s Law of Nature— survival of the fittest. Then it describes Buck’s aspiration for new life. Gentle dog Buck went to the wasteland which was far away from human civilization but he adapted to the challenging environment very soon. It unfolded before our eyes the brightness of individual and spectacular of life vividly and incisively. In response to the call of the wild, Buck got back to the forest full of mystery and venture without the slightest hesitation after Tom Thornton’s death. The third chapter expounds that Buck bears the nature of ferociousness and at the same time has a passion for sacrifice. We are convinced that it is incumbent upon the Fiend Buck to show responsibility, love and loyalty after obtaining human beings equal respect. This gives expression to Mencius ethical view that humans are born good. Key Words: Wildness。 call。 freedom。 survival of the fittest 2 中文摘要 《荒野的呼喚》是美國(guó)著名作家杰克倫敦 于 1903 年發(fā)表的成名作。 狗主人公巴克性格的復(fù)雜性和多重性是作品長(zhǎng)盛不衰的原因之一。 巴克艱苦卓絕的生存道路，生動(dòng)真切地反映了作者所處時(shí)代的美國(guó)社會(huì)的現(xiàn) 實(shí)，再現(xiàn)了美國(guó)歷史上的克朗代克淘金熱。 了解它的性格特征是我們解讀作者思想觀點(diǎn)和小說(shuō)社會(huì)背景的關(guān)鍵。本文從達(dá)爾文的 “適者生存”的自然選擇思想入手，分析了在不斷變幻的生活環(huán)境中巴克的性格。第二章重點(diǎn)講述了巴克對(duì)新生活的向往與渴望。馴服的南方狗巴克來(lái)到遠(yuǎn)離人類(lèi)文明的荒原后很快適應(yīng)了極具挑戰(zhàn)性的生活。桑頓死后，巴克毫 不猶豫地響應(yīng)了森林里新生活的召喚，回到充滿神秘與冒險(xiǎn)的自由叢林。第三章主要論述了巴克既具有統(tǒng)治者的兇殘狡詐的本性同時(shí)也富有獻(xiàn)身者的無(wú)畏犧牲的激情。生性狡詐的巴克在得到人類(lèi)平等的尊重和愛(ài)時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的義不容辭的責(zé)任、愛(ài)以及忠誠(chéng)著實(shí)令人折服。孟子哲學(xué)的“性本善”思想在巴克身上得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。 關(guān)鍵詞： 野性；呼喚；自由；適者生存 3 Introduction Jack London as an American novelist, short story writer, essayist, journalist, autobiographer, simultaneously, a dramatist was born in January 1876 and died in November 1916. In a way, he is a famous naturalist. During the profession of letters, he contributed more than one hundred and fifty short stories, nieen long stories, three plays and quite a lot of essays, etc. As one of the greatest realist writers, Jack London’s works which were regarded as classic in American literature have been read all over the world. Many class contradictions of American society at the beginning of the 20th century were showed in his works. What’s more, he revealed the miserable situation and revolutions of the people who lived in lower status in other capitalist countries. Jack London won wide recognition in China gradually. Chinese scholars began to study Jack London, and they remended and translated his works from the 1920s and it came to a climax in the 1930s. It is well known to all of us that London’s thoughts cover Darwinism, socialism, Jungianism, Nietzsche’s superman philosophy and the like. Jack London himself was aimed at many problems of capitalism by raising socialist theory. This was in accordance with the development of China at the beginning of the 20th century, so we accepted his works positively and did a lot of studies in this area. As we know, among his 4 works, The Call of the Wild, which was published in 1903, is the most wellknown and popular one. The 20th century was a period when American industry developed at a very fast speed, and naturalism came into being. The social background affected Jack London’s attitude toward life, the same to his works to a great extent. So before analyzing the works of Jack London, it is vital for us to know some information about the writing background, as well as the historical and social background of America between the end of the Civil War (18611865) and the beginning of World War I (1914 1918). In the early period of the 19th century, America began to transform from an agricultural country to an industrialized nation, especially after the Civil War with the North triumph, the speed of transformation to industrialization was accelerated. In less than 50 years between the end of the Civil War and the beginning of the first world war, the United States developed into a most heavily industrialized urbanized and continental nation in the world. People in the United States had been forced to e to terms with the implication of Darwin’s theory of evolution as well as with the profound changes in its own social institutions and cultural values (Hu Yintong amp。 Liu Shusen 1995: 229). Machines instead of hands had created a substantial increase in m