【導讀】撰寫過的作品成果。對本文的研究做出重要貢獻的個人和集體均已在文。中以明確方式標明。本人完全意識到本聲明的法律結果由本人承擔。《荒野的呼喚》是美國著名作家杰克·倫敦于1903年發(fā)表的成名作。巴克與人相同的情感和品質，將其人性化了。狗主人公巴克復雜多樣的性格、艱苦卓絕。克朗代克淘金熱。巴克的這些性格特征在很大程度上正是現(xiàn)實社會中人的真實寫照，因。此對其性格的剖析、研究具有現(xiàn)實意義。變,折射出獨特的文化特征。我國對杰克·倫敦及其作品的介紹與翻譯、研究工作起步。于20世紀20年代，30年代達到高潮。喚》在以后90余年的歷史中被中國學者反復地翻譯和研究，可見它的重要性。國內(nèi)外學者對該作品的主題進行了深入的。本文分為三個部分；第一部分將介紹杰克·倫敦及寫作背景?？说亩嘀匦愿?，以及這種多重面的性格在現(xiàn)代社會主義社會的具體體現(xiàn)。善”思想在巴克身上得到了充分的體現(xiàn)。

　　

【正文】 wiliness as a thing of the wild and was attracted by a mysterious calling (Zhong Yong 2021: 096). After Thornton’s death, he returned to the wild in answer to the calling without the slightest hesitation. 1. 2 Nature of Buck in Different Environments The nature of Buck changed with the environment where he lived. That goes the same to our human beings in today’s society. 1. 2. 1 Living in the Lap of Luxury Buck, the child of a huge ST. Bernard and a Scotch shepherd dog was born in Judge Miller’s big house and enjoyed a happy life. He played with the Judge’s children and protected them when they were out. He was so huge a dog that in his eyes his panions could not even count. It seemed that he ruled the whole house. He took pride in himself as if he were the significant one in the family. It was right Buck. He was an apple of the Judge’s eye, proud, intelligent, whiteheaded and with a tamed nature. 1. 2. 2 Facing Risks for the First Time When he realized that he was betrayed by Manuel for money, he 11 became angry and it was a turn of his Fortune39。s wheel. He began to attack the strangers who pulled him even his was in great pain. When he found that his efforts were in vain, he confused and did not know what would happen to him. His heart was broken. He wished he could see the Judge or the boys. When his selfesteem was hurt he refused to eat or drink. He even expressed his outrage to the postman. It was the first time Buck had ever faced such awful condition. He could find no way out but was indignant at all the strangers. He could not distinguish fair or foul. 1. 2. 3 Working as a Sled Dog Money exchange, again. Buck was transited to the cold Northland and was set to work as horses. His dignity was sorely hurt but he understood that it was no use rebelling. He should obey. If he revolted he would be whipped. The overwhelming force made him quickly learn how to drag the sled to please his masters. In the cold wasteland, Buck had to learn a series of methods to keep his life. Digging holes at the shivering windy night made him have a sound sleep. At the same time, he realized that if he was particular about the food, he would suffer from hunger or starvation. To struggle for existence, Buck learnt how to steal food from others secretly to meet his own needs. He knew that if he robbed openly, he would be beaten by the clubs. His moral nature was disappearing, however, he had no choice. 12 At the moment he set foot in the world without civilization, he did all he could to accept the reality without rebellion. He put down his status and gave up the cultivation thus he could survive. 1. 2. 4 Staying with Thornton Fortunately, Buck was saved by Thornton. What’s more, Thornton was a perfect master in his mind. It seemed that Buck went back to a civilized society. He was taken good care of and a special love in his body was awaken. His panions were not jealous of him. They shared the benevolence and tolerance of Thornton which was different from that of Judge Miller. He had e through so many masters from Perrault to the Scotch halfbreed. When he enjoyed the wellbeing life, he was afraid that his Thornton would leave him one day. Therefore, he always kept Thornton at his elbow. He showed his love and loyalty to Thornton incisively and vividly. It seemed that Buck went back to a civilized society. However, life is always full of variables. Buck, as a mon creature can not foresee the future world. If he can he will safeguard his lover wherever he goes. The life with Thornton was wonderful and he cherished it carefully until he was called by a mysterious calling. 13 Chapter 2 Golden Spirit and Aspiration in Buck The precious spirit in Buck manifests a plete reflection of today’s world. The fighting as well as downtoearth spirit is vital for Buck and it is also very significant for the people living in modern society. Competition is being more and more furious, we should keep on keeping on. At the same time, we shoud yearn towards better life. Aspiration makes Buck pursue new life. In today’s society, aspiration encourage us to work hard to make great achievements. 2. 1 Fighting Spirit Buck possessed a spirit as precious as gold. His love for fighting was to struggle to survive. As we know, in the world full of petition only the strongest can survive. Survival of the fittest is a universal truth. 2. 1. 1 Facing the Dog Trainer When he was about to be let out of the cage, he behaved full of wrath to struggle. He attacked the strong man with his sharp teeth. Nevertheless, all his endeavors were in vain. But he did not quit and continued a dozen times. He did the last rush with his endeavor。 unfortunately was beaten. He was so proud that he didn’t want to give up. Though he was black and blue but he was not broken. Buck was not scared in front of the formidable trainer. He rose up in resistance. Even he could not resist any longer, he did not make a 14 promise. The stronger people can defeat him but can not destroy him. 2. 1. 2 Winning the Leadership When Buck was forced to do coolie to drag the sled with his teammates, he was cheerful no matter how hard the work was. The matter was that he was enraged at Spitz’s conduct the first day on the beach and Curly’s death gave him a great shock. Spitz happened to be the leader of the team. Buck, though, grew a strong dominant under the donkeywork, he did his utmost to control himself. However, when Spitz became aware of Buck’s threaten he grasped every chance to ride roughshod over Buck. He wanted to send Buck to the field of death. He took advantage of the occasion to occupy Buck’s warm nest. The behavior pelled Buck to fight against the devil Spitz. What surprised Spitz was that Buck was not a timid dog. He had courage in his blood. Actually Buck was a ferocious dog. The conflict between them was inevitable, because Buck began to threaten openly the leadership of Spitz. He wanted to be the leading dog. Chance arrived at last. The team were chasing a snowshoe rabbit, including Buck and Spitz. After the rabbit was killed by the white sharp teeth, a lifeanddeath struggle began. The primordial dominance in Buck was encouraged. With the instinct and wisdom, Buck became the champion. 15 He fought for the leadership courageously and occupied the dominant position successfully. 2. 1. 3 Attacking Black Burton Buck loved Thornton so deep that he acpanied Thornton day and night wherever Thornton went. One day, Thornton went to a bar. It happened that a fierytempered man called Black Burton was provoking. Thornton tried to mediate a settlement. However, Burton blew his stack