【正文】 y mind immediately “Beasts, never degenerate into human beings!”(Curley Dorothy Nye 1969: 224) Buck may turn to a beast in the story, but how about the human who turned the dog into a beast? Buck’s civilized domestication couldn’t win over the call from the outside world, maybe because he is a dog? What is the thing at last turned him into a wolf too far away from the warm sunshine pet hood in the Judge’s house? I don’t think the author is talking about a dog’s turning rather through a dog’s eye, he is trying to remind us of the potential similar danger everyone of us will face. It will take millions of hard years to turn beasts into human beings, but a man can turn into a beast in a second. Buck was forced into wildness just the way we are forced to admit and accept such irony by the same social evils around us.Over the long process of human evolution, The Call of the Wild always remains so strong and tempting. Is there any fearful nightmare lying deeply in the soul of every one of us? Buck’s transformation from dog to wolf is to challenge us to find answer to this question.The characters in the works of naturalism are usually dominated by the fundamental desires such as fear, hunger, and cruel struggle etc. In the world of jungle, to exist is the most important. So the naturalists adopt an immoral attitude toward human life, and they neither criticize nor praise human beings’ actions. The naturalists don’t hide or avoid the existence of the dark side of society, and they describe the dark side honestly. The characters in the works of naturalism are unsavory. They pay no attention to morals and they offend public decency, they often act against the social norms or against their will under the pressure of circumstance. Buck’s image reflects the character of naturalism in literature: there is only the cruel fight to survive and no human sympathy there. Buck must defeat the other animals so that he can survive. It is the same with human beings who must invade and defeat other people so that they can gain their place in the society. This is against traditional moral doctrines. It is a primitive animal world, a bloody battlefield. There are no rules there, the only rule is massacring and reeking of blood. But, Buck is an animal dog without reasons。 he can live according to his instincts. In order to live, he can steal, rob, massacre and deprive others’ of their right to live. Human beings not only live among other living beings but also live in a society of human. As socialized human beings, they have sense, and they are restricted by moral restrictions, they can control themselves, and they have noble values. As a socialized human being, people cannot steal or rob or massacre for their own interests as Buck does. Human society is ordered, so human petition must accord with human sympathy and human nature. There is a saying, “By aiming for the good of others, you will get your own.”(Pier Donald 2000: 49) Liberty has its limitation, people must obey the social moral doctrines and social rules first, and then they can gain liberty. Human being’s petition and struggling also have their limits, the prerequisite to pete is that we should not harm or hurt others, we should not benefit ourselves at the expense of others, and we should not deprive other people of their right to live as Buck does. When we try to satisfy our natural desire, we should conform to the social standard, and let the social standard regulate our natural desire, we should not let it go without reason. Otherwise, the society will bee disordered if dog has no dog sympathy, and human being have no human sympathy.In this novel people can easily find human beings’ surviving experiences in the society from Buck’s. Until he is kidnapped, Buck lives the life of a sated aristocrat. In a fever of pain and rage, Buck meets the man in the red sweater, who provides the first step of his initiation into the wild. Buck had never been struck with a club in his life, but again and again, he is brought crushingly to the ground by a vicious blow of the club. Although his rage knows no bounds and although he is a large, powerful dog, he is no match for a man who knows how to handle a club efficiently. Buck thus learns his first lesson: a man with a club is a master to be obeyed. “That club was a revelation. It was his introduction to the reign of primitive law, and he met the introduction halfway”. (Kaposi Paula 1991: 260) Having seen a dog that would neither obey nor conciliate killed makes the alternatives clear to him: to obey, to conciliate, or to die。 and Buck is above all a survivor. He knows he is beaten. This is obviously a man’s unfortunate life story’s beginning. The man in his childhood has lived a wealthy, fortable life totally without worries, thus he has been content, proud and at the same time innocent, that is why the accident happens easily. After being betrayed by his friend, he slumps into a misery situation. At the beginning of it, he neither understands nor believes it. He is suffering and angry, he resists boldly with hopes to recover to his former life but he is frustrated again and again and finally he realizes the hash reality and gives in to the fate. Buck’s next lesson takes place when Curly, his friend, is killed by the huskies when he makes friendly advances to one of them. In two minutes, he is literally torn to pieces. “So that was the way. No fair play. Once down, that was the end of you.” This is Buck’s second great lesson in his new life. Though many people experience the same misery situation, they have no sympathies to each other. Once given the chance, they also play the position of the strongerusing their strength to bully the weaker, crushing the weaker into pieces. “He must master or be mastered。 while to show mercy was a weakness. Mercy did not exist in the primordial life. It was misunderstood for fear, and such misunderstandings made for death. Kill or be killed, eat or be eaten, was th