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不足或延遲又會影響企業(yè)經(jīng)營,使企業(yè)喪失良好的經(jīng)營機會。企業(yè)管理還應在產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、質(zhì)量、經(jīng)營、工作效率等方面切實統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃,實現(xiàn)企業(yè)管理最佳狀態(tài),提高資金利用率。 (一)樹立風險意識,建立健全企業(yè)的財務風險機制 企業(yè)的財務風險機制就將內(nèi)險機制引入企業(yè),使企業(yè)經(jīng)營者在激烈的競爭中,承擔風險責任,行使其控制財務風險的權利,并獲得風險經(jīng)營收益。對于風險承擔者: ① 要求其樹立正確的 風險意識,從法律與經(jīng)濟上明確其職責,引導經(jīng)營者居安思危、認真籌劃,不斷改善企業(yè)財務運行狀況。論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 13 ② 要給予風險承擔者一定的投資決策權、資金籌措權、資金分配權,使決策者行使權力的同時,充分考慮日益變化的企業(yè)內(nèi)外環(huán)境,慎重考慮資金的籌措、使用、分配活動。 ③ 要使風險承擔者享受風險報酬,責、權、利分明,調(diào)動其積極性。另外,建立健全企業(yè)的財務風險機制,還要求企業(yè)區(qū)分風險的責任,確定企業(yè)補償風險損失的渠道。 (二)根據(jù)利率變動正確做出籌資安排 針對由利率變動帶來的籌資風 險,應認真研究資金市場的供求情況,根據(jù)利率走勢,把握其 發(fā)展趨勢,并以此做出相應的籌資安排。在利率處于高水平時期,盡量少籌資或只籌急需的短期資金。在利率處于由高向低過渡時期,也應盡量少籌資,不得不籌的資金,應采用浮動利率的計息方式。在利率處于低水平時,籌資較為有利。在利率處于由低向高過渡時期,應積極籌集長期資金,并盡量采用固定利率的計算方式。 (三)充分掌握政策規(guī)定 根據(jù)現(xiàn)代企業(yè)會計制度規(guī)定,負債利息應在稅前支付,所以負債可使企業(yè)獲得節(jié)稅收益,而股利和保留盈余卻沒有這種功效;不同折舊方式的折舊費用抵稅效果不同,如果折舊抵稅效果明顯,企業(yè)就沒有必要過多的負債,以避 免承受較大的財務風險;國家加息降息政策對負債經(jīng)營企業(yè)的影響也很大,這不只出于對利息數(shù)額的考慮,還有對籌資渠道選擇的影響。如我國加息不會提高境外資本價格,那時選擇境外融資就不會增加利息支出。所以企業(yè)必須了解、分析國家相關政策規(guī)定,選擇最佳經(jīng)營戰(zhàn)略。 論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 14 (四)制定針對性的的財務政策,注意積累一些現(xiàn)金儲備,保持一定的籌資儲備能力 這樣做一是能保證有足夠的現(xiàn)金流量應付到期債務,不會因不能按時還款喪失信譽;二是在企業(yè)未來出現(xiàn)意外的較大資金需求時,可以迅速籌資以幫助企業(yè)渡過難關;三是在出現(xiàn)意想不到的好的投資機會時,可立即進行投資。企業(yè)過度負債,又將沉淀的資金用于變現(xiàn)能力較差的投資,財務彈性就會變差,處境就會艱難的多。 (五)把握適當?shù)呢搨鶗r機,爭取以最少的資金成本換取最大的投資收益 資本結(jié)構(gòu)適當、債務規(guī)模適中、負債經(jīng)營時機適宜,這樣的經(jīng)營方式才是最佳選擇。這就要求企業(yè)負債的時期要盡量符合企業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)律,契和企業(yè)業(yè)務經(jīng)營周期。負債過早資本將閑置,增加債務資金成本,得不償失;負債時間過遲,則會失去資金使用的實效,喪失投資獲利的機會。 結(jié)論 負債經(jīng)營是企業(yè)籌措資金重要手段,是現(xiàn)代企業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的必由之路。當然,負債經(jīng)營也有風險 ,弄不好就會債臺高筑甚至破產(chǎn)。但是如果能夠把握住債務規(guī)模,控制好負債結(jié)構(gòu),強化資金管理與合理調(diào)度資金,就會化風險為利益,最終實現(xiàn)企業(yè)核裂變式的快速發(fā)展。 論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 15 論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 16 致謝 本文是在 指導老師 精心指導和大力支持下完成的 ,老師們 以其嚴謹求實的治學態(tài)度、高度的敬業(yè)精神、兢兢業(yè)業(yè)、孜孜以求的工作作風和大膽創(chuàng)新的進取精神對我產(chǎn)生重要影響。 他 淵博的知識、開闊的視野和敏銳的思維給了我深深的啟迪 。 在此 , 我衷心的感謝 畢業(yè)論文指導老師,非常感謝! 其次,要感謝與我一起學習的同學們,在人生的四年大 學生涯中,是你們一直像親人般地陪伴著我讀書、生活。無論是生活上的點點滴滴還是學習上的苦難挫折,你們都盡全力地幫助我渡過了一次又一次的難關,在此我要感謝你們。 最后,我要感謝為我答辯的老師們。您們在百忙之中抽出時間審閱我們的論文,耐心聆聽我們對論文的陳述以及答辯,您們辛苦了。在這里,我想誠摯的說:謝謝您們! 論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 17 論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 18 參考文獻 1 宋瑞良.試論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營[ J].經(jīng)濟師, 2021( 9) 2 葉全良.負債經(jīng)營論[ M].武漢:湖北人民出版社, 2021 3 王妍雯.試論負債經(jīng)營 控制策略[ J].企業(yè)技術開發(fā), 2021( 9) 4 劉玫.負債經(jīng)營的利弊分析[ J].企業(yè)國外建材科技, 2021( 2) 5 沈維濤.財務管理學[ M].廈門:廈門大學出版社, 2021 6 趙增英 .淺談企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營 [J}.中國教育科學探究 . 7 楊曉玲 .負債經(jīng)營風險及其控制技巧 {J}.經(jīng)濟論壇 . 8 邢文妍 .企業(yè)適度負債經(jīng)營影響因素分析 {J}.合作經(jīng)濟與科技 . 論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 19 附錄 An Analysis of Advantages and Disadvantages of Enterprise Liability Operation With the development of market economy, enterprises in the fierce market petition for survival, or invincible, must continue to strengthen its own economic strength, many entrepreneurs, the capital of enterprises likened yes to 論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 20 maintain the normal activities of life paniesblood, obviously money is important to the survival and development of enterprises, and strengthen its economic strength, sufficient funds must be present, China39。s most enterprises, especially stateowned enterprises have faced funding shortages, and therefore, how to obtain funds on the business munity is a crucial , the business has two main funding sources: first, the owner of investment funds。 second, debt , we talk about the corporate debt financing management is the responsibility of enterprises to pay particular to ensure through legal channels, paid for using other people39。s money to make up their own capital deficiencies, in order to obtain payment Profit remaining after the cost of borrowing, which is the rapid accumulation of capital, a shortcut to speed up the development of enterprises, for preemptive strike, to seize the market for large Capital Management inseparable bination of capital, not a wellrun pany has no debt, the debt is the growing need for the development of an important understanding of debt management, debt management is of great significance to the exists in all matters, debt management is no exception, that panies use debt Operation, also has its advantages and are the pros and cons, how can we better bring the economic benefits and create more, so that enterprises in the petition is ahead? 1, positive impact on firm debt 論企業(yè)負債經(jīng)營的利與弊 21 1. Debt management can make up for longterm development in the operation and the shortage of funds business in the course of business must need the money, and rely on internal accumulation of own funds, not only in the time allowed, but the numbers are difficult tomeet their development needs, so panies without sufficient funds, debt funds operate more power can be used to expand business scale and economic strength, and improving operating efficiency and business not only in the lack of funds needed to balance business, that is, when more funding for debt management is also very enterprise solely for the accumulation and use their own funds, the amount of funding is always can effectively access debt and controlling the amount of funds more rationally ratio between the anization and coordination of funds, improve technical equipment, the reform process, introducing advanced technology, Gengxin equipment, enlarge the scale and broaden range and increase the quality of enterprisesenhance the economic strength and petitiveness. 2. Debt management ca