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hts theories ?Justice Theories 420 Straw Men ?Straw men approaches are raised by business ethics scholars primarily for the purpose of demonstrating that they offer inappropriate guidelines for ethical decision making in a multinational enterprise ?Four such approaches are ?the Friedman doctrine ?cultural relativism ?the righteous moralist ?the na239。ve immoralist 421 Straw Men ?Friedman Doctrine the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits, so long as the pany stays within the rules of law ?panies should not undertake expenditures beyond those mandated by law and those required for the efficient running of a business ?Cultural Relativism the belief that ethics are culturally determined and that firms should adopt the ethics of the cultures in which they operate ?“when in Rome, do as the Romans do” 422 Straw Men ?Righteous Moralist a multinational’s home country standards of ethics are the appropriate ones for panies to follow in foreign countries ?approach is mon among managers from developed countries ?Na239。ve Immoralist if a manager of a multinational sees that firms from other nations are not following ethical norms in a host nation, that manager should not either ?actions are ethically justified if everyone else is doing the same thing 423 Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics ?Utilitarian approaches to ethics hold that the moral worth of actions or practices is determined by their consequences ?actions have multiple consequences, some good, some not ?actions are desirable if they leads to the best possible balance of good consequences over bad consequences ?Problems with this approach ?measuring the benefits, costs, and risks of a course of action ?the philosophy fails to consider justice 424 Utilitarian and Kantian Ethics ?Kantian ethics based on the philosophy of Immanuel Kant who argued that people should be treated as ends and never purely as means to the ends of others ?people have dignity and need to be respected, they are not machines 425 Rights Theories ?Rights theories human beings have fundamental rights and privileges that transcend national boundaries and culture ?fundamental human rights form the basis for the moral pass that managers should navigate by when making decisions that have an ethical ponent ?The idea that some fundamental rights transcend national borders and cultures was the underlying motivation for the UN’s Universal Declaration of Human Rights (specifies the basic principles that should always be adhered to irrespective of the culture in which one is doing business) 426 Justice Theories ?Justice theories focus on the attainment of a just distribution (one that is considered fair and equitable) of economic goods and services ?John Rawls all ec