【文章內容簡介】 ated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.21*成本與供給曲線PQ在每個數量，供給曲線的高度是邊際賣者的成本邊際賣者 ：如果價格再低一點就首先離開市場的賣者Chrissy的成本Ja 的成本Jack的成本169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.22*生產者剩余PQ生產者剩余 (PS)：賣者出售一種物品得到的量減去其生產成本PS = P – cost169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.23*生產者剩余與供給曲線PQPS = 價格 – 成本如果 P = $25.Jack的 PS = $15Ja的 PS = $5Chrissy的 PS = $0總生產者剩余 = $20Ja’s costJack’s cost總生產者剩余等于價格以下和供給曲線以上的面積Chrissy’s cost169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.24*PQ許多賣者的生產者剩余與光滑的供給曲線鞋的供給S千雙每雙鞋的價格如果 P = $40在 Q = 15(千雙 ), 邊際賣者的成本是$30，她的生產者剩余為$10169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.25*PQ許多賣者的生產者剩余與光滑的供給曲線鞋的供給S生產者剩余是價格以下和供給曲線以上的面積這個三角形的高度$40 – 15 = $25.因此 , PS = 189。 x b x h = 189。 x 25 x $25 = $h169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.26*PQ更低的價格如何減少生產者剩余如果價格降到 $30,PS = 189。 x 15 x $15 = $生產者剩余減少的原因兩個原因：S1. 賣者離開市場減少的生產者剩余2. 仍留在市場的賣者只能得到更低的價格所引起生產者剩余的減少主動學習 2 生產者剩余169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.PQ供給曲線A. 找出 邊際賣 者在 Q = 10時 的成本B. 計 算 P = $20時 的 總生 產 者剩余如果價格上升到 $30，計算下列情況下的生產者剩余：C. 多售出 5個單位物品所增加的生產者剩余D. 最初 10個單位物品在更高價格下增加的生產者剩余主動學習 2 參考答案169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.PQ供給曲線A. 在 Q = 10時 ,邊際 成本 = $20 B. PS = 189。 x 10 x $20 = $100價格上升到 $30C. 多售出 5個單位所增加的 PS= 189。 x 5 x $10 = $25D. 最初 10個單位所增加的生產者剩余= 10 x $10 = $100169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.29*消費者剩余、生產者剩余與總剩余CS = (買者的評價 ) – (買者支付的量 ) =買者參與市場得到的收益PS = (賣者得到的量 ) – (賣者的成本 ) = 賣者參與市場得到的收益總剩余 = CS + PS = 參與市場貿易得到的總收益 = (買者的評價 ) – (賣者的成本 )169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a passwordprotected website for classroom use.30*資源的市場配置167。 市場經濟中，資源的配置是由許多分散自利的買者與賣者相互作用決定的167。 市場對資源的配置是合意的嗎？還存在另一個不同的配置方法能使社會更好嗎？ 167。 為回答這個問題，我們使用總剩余作為衡量社會福利的指標，我們也考慮市場配置是否有效率 （盡管這里我們主要關注效率 ，但政策制定者同樣關注公平）169。 2023 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherw