【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 nt controls. You should focus on the current state,and not on what could be done, or what ought to be done. 注意：許多成員由于打如意算盤而犯錯(cuò)誤 ， 尤其對當(dāng)前的控制 。 我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注當(dāng)前的狀況 ， 而不是關(guān)注應(yīng)該做的或可以做的 。 * Now start documenting on the worksheet,knowing that each failure mode can have multiple effects, and multiple causes. 現(xiàn)在開始做文件整理 ， 要意識(shí)到失效模式有很多的影響和原因 。 11 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis 6 . List the effects, causes, and current controls for each failure mode 列出影 響、原因和不良型號(hào)的當(dāng)前控制情況 Example舉例 : Load capacity listed 列出載重能力 Overloaded 超載 Temp Gage Cooling System 制冷系統(tǒng) Stranded on Road 在路上擱淺 Oveheats 過熱 Car 汽車 RPN D Current Controls 當(dāng)前控制 O Cause 原因 S Effect 影響 Failure Mode 失效模式 Product Process or Service產(chǎn)品制程或服務(wù) 12 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis 7. Assign ratings for Severity, Occurrence, and Detection 給 嚴(yán)重性、發(fā)生率、 發(fā)現(xiàn)度評分 Here we acplish the conversion of each of these factors into a numerical value. Depending on the quality of the rating scales this step can be very easy or somewhat frustrating. 這里我們將每個(gè)因素都轉(zhuǎn)換成相對應(yīng)的數(shù)值 。 根據(jù)質(zhì)量等級標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ， 這個(gè)步驟可以很簡單或 有點(diǎn)煩人 。 There will be times when the team will disagree on the values assigned to a particular cause, effect, or failure than voting, it is remended that the team try to reach consensus. In case of disagreements, a knowledge expert’s opinion can be used to increase understanding, or more data can be sought. In any case the team’s decision should prevail. 對于任何一個(gè)原因 、 影響或失效模式的等級劃分 ， 小組成員之間很多時(shí)候 會(huì)意見相左 ， 建議 多收集數(shù)據(jù) ， 專家的意見 也 可以用以提高理解 ， 達(dá)成共識(shí) 。 13 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis 7. Assign ratings for Severity, Occurrence, and Detection 給 嚴(yán)重性、發(fā)生率、 發(fā)現(xiàn)度評分 Example舉例 : Product Process or Service產(chǎn)品制程或服務(wù) Failure Mode 失效模式 Effect 影響 S Cause 原因 O Current Controls 當(dāng)前控制 D RPN Car 汽車 Oveheats 過熱 Stranded on Road 在路上擱淺 7 Cooling System 制冷系統(tǒng) 3 Temp Gage 4 Overloaded 超載 8 Load capacity listed 列出栽重能力 8 14 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis 8. Calculate RPN 計(jì)算 RPN Simply assigning ratings for Severity, Occurrence, and Detection doesn’t help quantify the risk into a single measurable value. Multiplying the rating scores thus fills this that in this approach we have maintained equal weight for each of the three S,O,D 給 嚴(yán)重性 、 發(fā)生率 、 發(fā)現(xiàn)度評分 并不能將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè) 單一測量的 數(shù)值 ， 把三個(gè)分?jǐn)?shù)乘起來填進(jìn) RPN欄 ， 注意三個(gè)單值的權(quán)重 是 一樣的 。 Product Process or Service產(chǎn)品制程或服務(wù) Failure Mode 失效模式 Effect 影響 S Cause 原因 O Current Controls 當(dāng)前控制 D RPN Car 汽車 Oveheats 過熱 Stranded on Road 在路上擱淺 7 Cooling System 制冷系統(tǒng) 3 Temp Gage 4 84 Overloaded 超載 8 Load capacity listed 列出栽重能力 8 448 15 Failure Modes and Effects Analysis 9. Decide on a threshold RPN 制定采取行動(dòng)的 RPN界限值 Identify the failure modes you will choose to work on. It may not be practical to address all of them. This critical step must be conducted with customer involvement, and consensus building. 確認(rèn)你選擇 需要采取行動(dòng) 的失效模式 。 對所有的模式整改是不實(shí)際的 ， 這個(gè)關(guān)鍵步驟需客戶參與 Many teams run into difficulties here, especially when the customer insists all items need to be addressed. It needs to be understood that some element of risk will always be present. The question therefore is “ What level of risk is acceptable ” ? 許多 小組 都會(huì)在這碰到困難 ， 尤其當(dāng)客戶要求所有的項(xiàng)目都要被討論 。 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)總 是 會(huì) 存在的 。 問題是： “ 什么程度的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可以接受 ？ ” Some of the different approaches that have been used to define the threshold are。 Pareto Analysis, Top cause for each failure mode, etc. 一些不同的方法都已被用來定義界限： 泊 拉圖 分析 ， 最 高分等等 Document on FMEA