中國(guó)中小企業(yè)貸款風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理問(wèn)題(smelendingand(編輯修改稿)
2025-03-10 16:49 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 限制或有困難 Risk pricing is not geared to SME lending 中小企業(yè)貸款未考慮風(fēng)險(xiǎn)定價(jià)因素 High bad loan ratio pared to corporate lending 與大企業(yè)貸款相比，不良率較高 High reliance on internal and informal finance channels 對(duì)內(nèi)部及非正式融資渠道的依賴性較高 Lack of core Credit Technology and Systems in Banks 銀行缺乏核心信貸技術(shù)和系統(tǒng) Lack of or unreliable financial information provided by SMEs 缺乏中小企業(yè)提供的財(cái)務(wù)信息或所提供的信息不可靠 Banks’ desire for collateral 銀行希望有抵押物 Poor corporate governance 公司治理較差 Bank credit culture and credit policy not adapted to SME lending 中小企業(yè)貸款與銀行的信貸文化和信貸政策不符 Major obstacles to improving SME finance 發(fā)展中小企業(yè)融資的主要障礙 8 Bank Barriers 銀行造成的障礙 1) Chinese panies often inflate their balance sheets to impress banks. 中國(guó)的公司經(jīng)常通過(guò)美化資產(chǎn)負(fù)債表給銀行留下好印象。 2) Chinese accounting makes liberal use of the international accounting rule that lets panies revalue their fixed assets upwards, in excess of cost中國(guó)的會(huì)計(jì)師會(huì)濫用國(guó)際會(huì)計(jì)準(zhǔn)則，公司可以重新對(duì)固定資產(chǎn)進(jìn)行估值并將價(jià)值上調(diào)，調(diào)整后的價(jià)值超過(guò)了原來(lái)的成本 3) Companies regularly hire appraisers to declare their machinery to be worth two or three times what they paid for it–often just months after installation. They value the land under their factory based on the going price of the nearest luxury condo development–even if that project lies unpleted or empty. This whole charade tends to distort the value of the business in the eyes of the bankers and sometimes the managers ，將其機(jī)器設(shè)備評(píng)估價(jià)值上調(diào)至兩倍甚至三倍于購(gòu)買價(jià)格 ― 通常是在安裝僅僅數(shù)月后。甚至在工程尚未完成或啟動(dòng)之前，公司就根據(jù)最近的豪華公寓開(kāi)發(fā)現(xiàn)價(jià)來(lái)評(píng)估工廠所占土地價(jià)值。這整套把戲常常把實(shí)際企業(yè)價(jià)值虛高報(bào)給了銀行工作人員，有時(shí)甚至是企業(yè)自身管理人員。 4) Bank lending officers still have a great deal of discretion in determining which assets they will accept as collateral and at what valuation. An SOE, with the central or provincial government to back it, will obviously get what it wants with the least fuss and delay. 信貸人員在決定將哪些資產(chǎn)作為抵押物以及如何估值的問(wèn)題上還需做大量思考。有中央或省級(jí)政府做靠山的國(guó)有企業(yè)明顯能在申請(qǐng)貸款時(shí)省卻很多麻煩節(jié)省很多時(shí)間。 5) SMEs by contrast, usually do not have huge plots of land, large factories and plentiful other fixed assets to ，中小企業(yè)一般無(wú)法提供大量土地、大型工廠以及其它固定資產(chǎn)作為抵押物。 How
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