foundationsofbehavior14(編輯修改稿)
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【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 eptions of the anization and their jobs. 16 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Attitudes and Consistency ? People seek consistency in two ways: ?Consistency among their attitudes. ?Consistency between their attitudes and behaviors. ? If an inconsistency arises, individuals: ?Alter their attitudes or ?Alter their behavior or ?Develop a rationalization for the inconsistency 17 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Cognitive Dissonance Theory ? Cognitive Dissonance ?Any inpatibility or inconsistency between attitudes or between behavior and attitudes. ?Any form of inconsistency is unfortable and individuals will try to reduce the dissonance. ?The intensity of the desire to reduce the dissonance is influenced by: ?The importance of the factors creating the dissonance. ?The degree to which an individual believes that the factors causing the dissonance are controllable. ?Rewards available to pensate for the dissonance. 18 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * The Importance of Attitudes ? Implication for Managers ?Attitudes warn of potential behavioral problems: ?Managers should do things that generate the positive attitudes that reduce absenteeism and turnover. ?Attitudes influence behaviors of employees: ?Managers should focus on helping employees bee more productive to increase job satisfaction. ?Employees will try to reduce dissonance unless: ?Managers identify the external sources of dissonance. ?Managers provide rewards pensating for the dissonance. 19 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Personality ? Personality ?The unique bination of psychological characteristics (measurable traits) that affect how a person reacts and interacts with others. 20 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Classifying Personality Traits ? Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) ?A general personality assessment tool that measures the personality of an individual using four categories: ?Social interaction: Extrovert or Introvert (E or I) ?Preference for gathering data: Sensing or Intuitive (S or N) ?Preference for decision making: Feeling or Thinking (F or T) ?Style of decision making: Perceptive or Judgmental (P or J) 21 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * The Big Five Model ? Extraversion ? Sociable, talkative, and assertive ? Agreeableness ? Goodnatured, cooperative, and trusting ? Conscientiousness ? Responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented ? Emotional Stability ? Calm, enthusiastic, and secure or tense, nervous, and insecure ? Openness to Experience ? Imaginative, artistically sensitive, and intellectual 22 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Other Personality Insights ? Locus of Control ?External locus: persons who believe that what happens to them is due to luck or chance (the uncontrollable effects of outside forces) . ?Internal locus: persons who believe that they control their own destiny. ? Machiavellianism (Mach) ?The degree to which an individual is pragmatic, maintains emotional distance, and seeks to gain and manipulate power—”the ends justify the means”. 23 Copyright 169。 2023 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. * Other Personality Insights (cont’d) ? SelfEsteem (SE) ?The degree to which people like or dislike themse
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