【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 i v e a c t i o n ( s ). T h e p ro c e s s i s s t a b l e , n o t c h a n g in g . D o e s n ’t n e c e s s a rily m e a n t o l e a v e th e p ro c e s s a l o n e . M a y b e o p p o rtu n i t i e s t o i m p r o v e t h e p ro c e s s a n d e n j o y s u b s ta n ti a l b e n e f i ts .Su g g e s t s t h e p ro c e s s h a s u n d e r g o n e a p e r m a n e n t c h a n g e (+ o r ) a n d i s n o w b e c o m i n g s ta b l e . Ofte n r e q u i re s t h a t y o u re c o m p u te t h e c o n tr o l l i n e s f o r fu tu re i n t e rp re ta ti o n e ff o rt s .O ft e n s e e n a ft e r s o m e c h a n g e h a s b e e n m a d e . He l p s te l l y o u i f th e c h a n g e (s ) h a d a + o r e ff e c t. M a y a l s o b e p a rt o f a l e a rn i n g c u rv e a s s o c i a t e d w i th s o m e f o r m o f tra i n i n g .O ft e n re l a te s t o f a c to r s t h a t i n fl u e n c e t h e p ro c e s s i n a p re d i c ta b l e m a n n e r . F a c to r s o c c u r o v e r a s e t ti m e p e ri o d a n d h a v e + / e ff e c t. H e l p s d e te r m i n e f u tu re w o rk l o a d /s t a ff i n g l e v e l s .Su g g e s t s a d i ff e re n t t y p e o f d a ta h a s b e e n m i x e d i n to th e s u b g ro u p b e i n g s a m p l e d . O ft e n n e e d t o c h a n g e t h e s u b g ro u p , re a s s e m b l e t h e d a ta , a n d re d ra w t h e c o n tr o l c h a r t.Cha rt p o i n t s d o n o t fo r m a p a rti c u l a r p a tt e r n AND l i e w i th i n th e u p p e r a n d l o w e r c h a rt l i m i t s .Cha rt p o i n t s f o rm a p a r ti c u l a r p a tt e r n OR o n e o r m o re p o i n t s l i e b e y o n d t h e u p p e r o r l o w e r c h a rt l i m i t s .Cha rt p o i n t s a r e o n o n e s i d e o f th e c e n t e r l i n e . T h e o f p o i n t s i n a r u n i s c a l l e d t h e l e n g th o f th e ru n .A c o n ti n u e d r i s e o r f a l l i n a s e ri e s o f p o i n t s (7 o r m o re c o n s e c u ti v e p o i n ts i n th e s a m e d i re c ti o n ).Cha rt p o i n t s s h o w t h e s a m e p a tt e r n c h a n g e s (e . g ., ri s e o r fa l l ) o v e r e q u a l p e r i o d s o f t i m e .Cha rt p o i n t s a r e c l o s e t o t h e c e n t e r l i n e o r t o a c o n tr o l l i m i t l i n e (2 o u t o f 3 , 3 o u t o f 7 , o r 4 o u t o f 1 0 ) .Proc e s sInCont rolProc e s sO ut ofCont rolRunTre ndC y c leHugg in g201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510UCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LX123456712345671 /31 /31 /21 /2失控意味什么 ? What does OutofControl mean? 查出控制的缺陷 Detecting Lack of Control 如果您確定您的過(guò)程是 “失控 ” 你應(yīng)該做什么 ？What should you do if you determine that your process is “Out of Control?” 查出控制的缺陷 Detecting Lack of Control 因此 , 根據(jù)現(xiàn)在你所知道的 , 如果你的過(guò)程在控制下，在控制上限和下限之間百分之多少數(shù)據(jù)點(diǎn)將會(huì)下降 ? Therefore, based on what you know so far, what percent of data points should fall between the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) if your process is incontrol? UCL LCL TIME 控制極限 VS 規(guī)格限制 Control Limits vs. Specification Limits 如果點(diǎn)落在上限之外或控制下限之下，是否意味著我們?yōu)轭櫩妥隽艘粋€(gè)缺陷產(chǎn)品 ? If a point falls beyond the upper or lower control limit does this mean we are making a defect for the customer? 控制極限 VS 規(guī)格限制 Control Limits vs. Specification Limits UCL LCL TIME 控制極限對(duì)規(guī)格限制 Control Limits vs. Specification Limits ? 過(guò)程控制極限是由過(guò)程能力決定的 Process Control Limits are calculated based on data from the process itself ? 他們根據(jù) +/ 3s (%我們期望過(guò)程偏差落在這些極限之間 ) They are based on +/ 3s (% of the process variation is expected to fall between these limits) ? 產(chǎn)品規(guī)格極限規(guī)范極限是由客戶(hù)的要求決定的 , 不是 在控制圖上發(fā)現(xiàn)的 Product Specification Limits ARE NOT found on the control chart ? 很重要一點(diǎn)是要了解程序控制與顧客要求如何吻合 . Understanding how the process matches up against customer requirements IS important to know 確定過(guò)程執(zhí)行如何滿足顧客期望 , 需要進(jìn)行過(guò)程能力研究。 To determine how the process performs to Customer Expectations, a Process Capability Study is required. ? 把規(guī)格限制放在在控制圖上 Putting specification limits on a Control Chart ? 把控制上限和控制下限當(dāng)做規(guī)格限制 Treating UCL and as a specification limit 2個(gè)控制圖的大錯(cuò)誤 TWO BIG CONTROL CHART ERRORS 控制極限對(duì)規(guī)格限制 Control Limits vs. Specification Limits 當(dāng)你把任意上下限作為監(jiān)視工具時(shí)，他就不再是個(gè)控制圖 . LCL When you do either of these the control chart bees just an inspection tool it’s no longer a control chart. 控制上限和控制下限并不直接與客戶(hù)缺陷有聯(lián)系 ! UCL / LCL are not directly tied to customer defects ! 如何收集數(shù)據(jù) How to Collect Data 合理分組 Rational subgroups ? 通過(guò)合理分組，使各組只包括普遍原因 collect data so that subgroups contain only mon cause variation. The same as in capability analysis. ? 通過(guò)合理分組，使各組盡可能包括更多信息 Choose rational subgroups to gain as much information as possible about the process. 過(guò)程偏移 To detect process shifts: ? 每組盡可能在相同時(shí)間獲取測(cè)量結(jié)果 each subgroup should consist of measurements taken at approximately the same time. ? 選擇樣本時(shí)盡可能獲取組內(nèi)各樣本間最大的波動(dòng)可能性 Choose a sample so that it maximizes the likelihood of detecting variability between the samples 抽樣 Sampling ?樣本大小 Sample size 過(guò)程容量越大，對(duì)于關(guān)鍵 CTQ特性的測(cè)量就越容易越簡(jiǎn)單。 The higher the process volume and the easier and cheaper the measurements of the CTQ characteristic, the more likely you are to select an X and R chart (typically 3 5 data points per sample) over an Individual and Moving Range chart (I and MR). ?抽樣頻率 Frequency of sampling