【正文】 N ?經(jīng)理看到從去年開始 廢品率 持續(xù)下降 Manager has seen reduced scrap levels since the end of last year ?教訓 ：“嚴格的管理會出成效！” The Learning : “A tough management style gets results!” Manager concludes: “Tough Love Makes Things Happen” 2 3 1 1996 1997 Scrap Level (%)廢品率 1997年 6月 JUNE 1997 Derived from Understanding Variation: The Key To Managing Chaos, Donald J. Wheeler, SPC Press. 1993. J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J Derived from Understanding Variation: The Key To Managing Chaos, Donald J. Wheeler, SPC Press. 1993. 將數(shù)據(jù)置于統(tǒng)計流程控制圖中 Putting The Data In A SPC Chart 2 3 1 1996 1997 Scrap Level (%)廢品率 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J UCL LCL 統(tǒng)計流程控制圖顯示不同的解釋 ,可為什么呢 ? SPC Tells A Different Story. But Why? 2 3 1 1996 1997 Scrap Level (%)廢品率 J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J UCL LCL “人們已知的最佳方式之一是如 不能使用控制圖分析數(shù)據(jù)會： 增加成本 , 浪費的努力和降低士氣 。全部測試 We suggest using.......all tests. 在控制下還是失控？ In Control or Out of Control ? 如果在控制以外 , 打破了什么規(guī)則或表現(xiàn)出什么條件 ? If out of Control, which rule(s) is broken or condition(s) is present? 在控制下還是失控？ In Control or Out of Control ? 如果在控制以外 , 打破了什么規(guī)則或表現(xiàn)出什么條件 ? If out of Control, which rule(s) is broken or condition(s) is present? 在控制下還是失控？ In Control or Out of Control ? 如果在控制以外 , 打破了什么規(guī)則或表現(xiàn)出什么條件 ? If out of Control, which rule(s) is broken or condition(s) is present? Cha r t De scr ipt ion Exam ple 1 Exam ple 2 Inte rpre tatio nAl e rts y o u t h a t t h e p r o c e s s i s c h a n g in g . D o e s n ’t m e a n y o u n e e d t o t a k e c o rre c ti v e a c ti o n . M a y b e re l a te d to a c h a n g e y o u h a v e m a d e . Be s u re t o i d e n ti f y th e re a s o n (s ) b e f o re t a k i n g a n y c o n s tru c ti v e a c t i o n ( s ). T h e p ro c e s s i s s t a b l e , n o t c h a n g in g . D o e s n ’t n e c e s s a rily m e a n t o l e a v e th e p ro c e s s a l o n e . M a y b e o p p o rtu n i t i e s t o i m p r o v e t h e p ro c e s s a n d e n j o y s u b s ta n ti a l b e n e f i ts .Su g g e s t s t h e p ro c e s s h a s u n d e r g o n e a p e r m a n e n t c h a n g e (+ o r ) a n d i s n o w b e c o m i n g s ta b l e . Ofte n r e q u i re s t h a t y o u re c o m p u te t h e c o n tr o l l i n e s f o r fu tu re i n t e rp re ta ti o n e ff o rt s .O ft e n s e e n a ft e r s o m e c h a n g e h a s b e e n m a d e . He l p s te l l y o u i f th e c h a n g e (s ) h a d a + o r e ff e c t. M a y a l s o b e p a rt o f a l e a rn i n g c u rv e a s s o c i a t e d w i th s o m e f o r m o f tra i n i n g .O ft e n re l a te s t o f a c to r s t h a t i n fl u e n c e t h e p ro c e s s i n a p re d i c ta b l e m a n n e r . F a c to r s o c c u r o v e r a s e t ti m e p e ri o d a n d h a v e + / e ff e c t. H e l p s d e te r m i n e f u tu re w o rk l o a d /s t a ff i n g l e v e l s .Su g g e s t s a d i ff e re n t t y p e o f d a ta h a s b e e n m i x e d i n to th e s u b g ro u p b e i n g s a m p l e d . O ft e n n e e d t o c h a n g e t h e s u b g ro u p , re a s s e m b l e t h e d a ta , a n d re d ra w t h e c o n tr o l c h a r t.Cha rt p o i n t s d o n o t fo r m a p a rti c u l a r p a tt e r n AND l i e w i th i n th e u p p e r a n d l o w e r c h a rt l i m i t s .Cha rt p o i n t s f o rm a p a r ti c u l a r p a tt e r n OR o n e o r m o re p o i n t s l i e b e y o n d t h e u p p e r o r l o w e r c h a rt l i m i t s .Cha rt p o i n t s a r e o n o n e s i d e o f th e c e n t e r l i n e . T h e o f p o i n t s i n a r u n i s c a l l e d t h e l e n g th o f th e ru n .A c o n ti n u e d r i s e o r f a l l i n a s e ri e s o f p o i n t s (7 o r m o re c o n s e c u ti v e p o i n ts i n th e s a m e d i re c ti o n ).Cha rt p o i n t s s h o w t h e s a m e p a tt e r n c h a n g e s (e . g ., ri s e o r fa l l ) o v e r e q u a l p e r i o d s o f t i m e .Cha rt p o i n t s a r e c l o s e t o t h e c e n t e r l i n e o r t o a c o n tr o l l i m i t l i n e (2 o u t o f 3 , 3 o u t o f 7 , o r 4 o u t o f 1 0 ) .Proc e s sInCont rolProc e s sO ut ofCont rolRunTre ndC y c leHugg in g201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510201510UCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LXUCLL C LX123456712345671 /31 /31 /21 /2失控意味什么 ? What does OutofControl mean? 查出控制的缺陷 Detecting Lack of Control 如果您確定您的過程是 “失控 ” 你應該做什么 ？What should you do if you determine that your process is “Out of Control?” 查出控制的缺陷 Detecting Lack of Control 因此 , 根據(jù)現(xiàn)在你所知道的 , 如果你的過程在控制下，在控制上限和下限之間百分之多少數(shù)據(jù)點將會下降 ? Therefore, based on what you know so far, what percent of data points should fall between the upper control limit (UCL) and lower control limit (LCL) if your process is incontrol? UCL LCL TIME 控制極限 VS 規(guī)格限制 Control Limits vs. Specification Limits 如果點落在上限之外或控制下限之下，是否意味著我們?yōu)轭櫩妥隽艘粋€缺陷產(chǎn)品 ? If a point falls beyond the upper or lower control limit does this mean we are making a defect for the customer? 控制極限 VS 規(guī)格限制 Control Limits vs. Specification Limits UCL LCL TIME 控制極限對規(guī)格限制 Control Limits vs. Specification Limits ? 過程控制極限是由過程能力決定的 Process Control Limits are calculated based on data from the process itself ? 他們根據(jù)