預(yù)測(cè)與庫(kù)存管理培訓(xùn)資料(編輯修改稿)
2025-01-24 19:15 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 basestock周期庫(kù)存 /基礎(chǔ)庫(kù)存– 由補(bǔ)貨帶來(lái)的總庫(kù)存的增長(zhǎng)? Safetystock安全庫(kù)存– 為防止不確定因素 (突發(fā)性需求、延遲交貨等）帶來(lái)負(fù)面影響而設(shè)立的緩沖庫(kù)存? Transitinventory中轉(zhuǎn)庫(kù)存– 尚未到達(dá)目的地、正處于運(yùn)輸狀態(tài)或等待運(yùn)輸狀態(tài)而儲(chǔ)存在運(yùn)輸工具中的庫(kù)存庫(kù)存成本相關(guān)概念? 存貨成本 —— 總的庫(kù)存成本? 取得成本訂購(gòu)成本 —— 訂購(gòu)費(fèi)率，與訂購(gòu)批量無(wú)關(guān)購(gòu)入成本 —— 貨物成本或購(gòu)置成本? 儲(chǔ)存成本 —— 與平均庫(kù)存有關(guān)? 缺貨成本經(jīng)濟(jì)的庫(kù)存政策? Economic Order Quantity（ EOQ） HOW MUCH?經(jīng)濟(jì)訂貨批量 ：從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度出發(fā)使庫(kù)存總成本最低的訂貨批量，是庫(kù)存控制的重要參數(shù)。? reorder point WHEN?再訂貨點(diǎn)： 庫(kù)存隨著每日需求而不斷減少，當(dāng)庫(kù)存量降到某一水平時(shí)啟動(dòng)補(bǔ)貨程序，這個(gè)臨界狀態(tài)時(shí)的庫(kù)存量就是再訂貨點(diǎn)。? performance cycle or lead time WHEN？訂單完成周期或前置期： 從發(fā)出訂單到收到該批新訂購(gòu)貨物所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間。庫(kù)存需求和前置期確定下不同訂貨批量對(duì)平均庫(kù)存的影響InventoryplanningmodelundercertaintyThis model assumes the demand and performance cycle (lead time) is constant (certainty), Basic management approach is Economic Order Quantity (EOQ).By using EOQ model, the order quantity and order cycle time can be determined, which answers both “how much to order” and “when to order”. RelationshipofInventorycostandorderquantityFunctionoftotalinventorycost若以 TC表示存貨總成本，則有D—— 年需求量；U—— 單位產(chǎn)品成本（單價(jià)）；Q—— 訂購(gòu)批量；K—— 每次訂購(gòu)成本；C—— 單位存貨年儲(chǔ)存成本；TCs—— 缺貨成本。Total Annual Cost =AnnualPurchaseCostTotal AnnualOrderingCostTotal AnnualHoldingCost+ + + TCs 為使存貨總成本最小，必須設(shè)法找到一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)訂購(gòu)批量（ EOQ），使得總成本最小。 則 :對(duì)其求導(dǎo)，可得： Determine the order point再訂貨點(diǎn)的確定 (when to order)R=DxTR=reorderpointinunitsD=averagedailydemandT=averageleadtimeEOQExampleAnnual Demand = 1,000 unitsDays per year considered in average daily demand = 365Cost to place an order = $10Holding cost per unit per year = $Lead time = 7 daysCost per unit = $15Determine the economic order quantity and the reorder point.....Solution....2DKCD x TInClassExerciseAnnual Demand = 10,000 unitsDays per year considered in average daily demand = 365Cost to place an order = $10Holding cost per unit per year = 10% of cost per unitLead time = 10 daysCost per unit = $15Determine the economic order quantity and the reorder point.Note: (Tag hiddenslide icon to project solution) ....Solution2DKCD x TEOQextension:quantitydiscount 單價(jià) U（ Q）U1U2U3O Q1 Q2 定購(gòu)量記貨物單價(jià)為 U（ Q），設(shè) U（ Q）按三個(gè)等級(jí)變化。U10≤Q＜ Q1U（ Q） =U2Q1≤Q＜ Q21
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