【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 nerve 左側喉返神經(jīng) pression : ● ⑸ superior vena cava syndrome 上腔靜脈壓 迫綜合征 : swelling of head, neck, upper limbs and prominence of superficial veins of the thorax. The patient feels headache and dizziness眩暈 . ● ⑹ Horner39。s syndrome: tumor at lung apex (Pancoast tumor上溝瘤 ), presses of the cervical sympathetic nerve 頸交感神經(jīng) causes ipsilateraly 同側 : ? ptosis of upper eyelid上瞼下 垂 , ? miosis 瞳孔縮小 ? enophthalmos 眼球內(nèi)陷 ? anhidrosis 同側額部無汗 (7) brachial Plexus臂叢神經(jīng) was pressed sometimes tumor Involving of the brachial Plexus臂叢神經(jīng) may causes sustained pain of the arm. 3. Symptoms due to remote metastasis ⑴ to brain and central nerve system: cause headache vomiting, and even a. ⑵ to bone: may cause pain of the rib, spine and pelvic bone盆骨 . ⑶ to liver: cause anorexia, pain, hepatic enlargement, jaundice黃疸 or ascites 腹水 . ⑷ to lymph node: especially palpable painless, hard and fixed superclavicular 鎖骨上 lymph nodes enlargement, 4. Extra thoracic manifestations 肺外表現(xiàn) Paraneoplastic Syndromes副癌綜合征 (Extra thoracic, non endocrine manifestations) Neuromuscular Myathenia gravis 重癥肌無力 disorder Peripheral neuritis周圍神經(jīng)炎 神經(jīng)肌肉障礙 Myopathy 肌病 Cerebellar degeneration 小腦變性 Dermatological Dematomyositis 皮肌炎 disorder 皮膚障礙 Acanthosis nigricans 黑色棘皮癥 Skeletal Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy肥大性 disorder骨骼障礙 骨關節(jié)病 Finger clubbing 杵狀指 ⑴ syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADHs)抗利尿激素分泌 失調(diào)綜合征 : cause hyponatraemia 低鈉 , with water intoxication symptoms, such as anorexia厭食 , nausea惡心 , vomiting嘔吐 , general weakness, drowsy 嗜睡 and disturbance in orientation 定向障礙 . ⑵ Cushing39。s syndrome: due to production of adrenocorticotropic促腎上腺 hormone (ACTH), with myoweakness 肌無力 , edema, hypertension高血壓 and glucoseuria 糖尿 . (3) hypercalcemia高鈣血癥 : due to metastatic bone erosion破壞 , or secretion of parathyroid hormonelike substances甲狀旁腺激素樣物質 . Usually seen in Squamouscell carcinoma (鱗癌 ) (4) gynaeastia 男性乳房發(fā)育 : due to production of gonadotropic hormone 促性激素 . (5) carcinoid類癌 : due to production of 5OH Which cause bronchial spasm, diarrhea, fast heart beating, ( often seen in oat cell and adno carcinoma) 燕麥細胞 腺癌 ⑹ neuromyopathic syndromes 神經(jīng)肌肉綜合征 : most monly present as cerebellar 小腦 degeneration變性 , peripheral neuropathy周 圍神經(jīng)炎 or myasthenia gravis重癥肌無力 , often seen in SCLC.