【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 engine crankcase and cylinder block, the piston and connecting rod, the crankshaft and flywheel. III. Exercises II. Translate the following sentences into English. ?3．水泵工作時(shí)，可以將冷卻液在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)水套中和散熱器之間來(lái)回流動(dòng)。 ?When revolving, the water pump circulates coolant between the engine water jackets and the radiator. III. Exercises III. Exercises ? Principle of Fourstroke Engine intake stroke press stroke power stroke exhaust stroke Intake valve Exhaust valve Specialized English for Automobile Specialized English for Automobile Unit 22 Cylinder Block and Cylinder Head Contents I. Prequestions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises Engine Body crankcase cylinder block cylinder head cylinder oil passage and water passage oil pan The cylinder gasket ?What is the engine block prised of? ?the cylinder section and the crankcase section I. Prequestions the cylinder crankcase I. Prequestions ?How many types has the engine arrangement, what are they? Inline Vtype Horizontally opposed type ?What?s the function and the material of the cylinder head? ?Function： Seal the top the cylinder and form the bustion chamber with the piston and the cylinder ?Material: grey iron or alloy iron aluminum I. Prequestions cylinder gasket cylinder head cylinder cover pad to fit spark plug I. Prequestions ?What types of the bustion chambers are there? I. Prequestions wedgeshaped basinshaped hemispherical ?The engine block is the main supporting structure to which all other parts are attached directly or indirectly. ?attached [?? t? t?t] vt 附上 ...的 ?directly adv. 直接地 ?Indirectly adv. 間接地 ?譯文：氣缸體是主要的支承部件，它可以將其它部件直接或間接的裝配在上面。 II. Text Explanation 反義詞 ? The surfaces are machined to allow the pistons to move with minimum wear and friction. ? allow vt 允許，承認(rèn) ? allow sb. to do sth. ? allow doing sth. ? Friction [?frik??n] n. 摩擦 , 摩擦力 ? 譯文： 加工出的表面允許活塞在最小磨損和摩擦力下運(yùn)動(dòng)。 II. Text Explanation ?Allow 使 … 成為可能，允許 ?近義詞： permit ?The windfall allowed me to buy a house. ?這意外之財(cái)使我 得以 購(gòu)置一幢房子。 ?Allow me to introduce myself. ?請(qǐng) 允許 我自我介紹一下。 II. Text Explanation ?With the increased concern for providing higher output and lower fuel consumption, car manufactures are trying to make the vehicle lighter. ?Concern , 關(guān)系到 , 關(guān)注 ?concern for 對(duì) ...的關(guān)心 /憂(yōu)慮 ?concern with 和 ...有關(guān)（一般用 ...+be concerned with...） ? consumption n. 消費(fèi) , 消費(fèi)量 ?譯文： 隨著對(duì)汽車(chē)產(chǎn)量和低燃耗的關(guān)注度越來(lái)越高，汽車(chē)生產(chǎn)廠家盡量把汽車(chē)做的輕一些。 II. Text Explanation ?Concern vt. ?1. (不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) )關(guān)于 ?2. 涉及 ,關(guān)系到 。影響到 The letter is chiefly concerned with export modities. 這封信主要是關(guān)于出口商品的。 The news concerns your brother. 這消息與你兄弟有關(guān)。 ?3. 使擔(dān)心 。使不安 (+about/for) ?The boy39。s poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳 ,使他的父母親憂(yōu)慮。 He is concerned for her safety. 他擔(dān)心她的安全。 ?4. 使關(guān)心 (+about/with) ?He was very concerned about her. 他對(duì)她非常關(guān)心。 II. Text Explanation ?It should be paid attention to the direction when fixing. ?to是介詞 ,所以后面接名詞以及動(dòng)名詞 . ?pay attention to sth. / doing sth. ?Please pay attention to taking care of your baby. ?請(qǐng)注意照顧好你的小孩 . ?譯文： 應(yīng)該注意裝配時(shí)的方向。 II. Text Explanation Cylinder gasket Function ： fitted between the cylinder block and cylinder head to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and water . Pay attention to the direction when fixing II. Text Explanation ?In order to make the aluminum stronger and less likely to warp, certain materials are added to the metal or a steel liner placed in the block. ?In order to 為了 ?We started early in order to arrive before dark. ?為了在天黑前到達(dá) ,我們很早就動(dòng)身了。 II. Text Explanation ? warp [w?:p] ? n. 彎曲 , 歪曲 vt. 弄歪 , 使翹曲 , 變歪 ? added to ? incresed（本身）增加 ? added to(別人，別的東西 )增加 ? 譯文： 為了使鋁制材料強(qiáng)度更高，盡可能的減少?gòu)澢冃?，可加入一定的金屬材料或者在缸體內(nèi)鑲鋼缸套。 區(qū)別 II. Text Explanation ? cylinder block ? cylinder head ? oil pan ? cylinder gasket ? cylinder liner ? wedgeshaped bustion chamber ? basinshaped bustion chamber ? inline engines ? spark plugs ? injection III. Exercises ?Translate the following expressions into Chinese. ? 氣缸體 ? 氣缸蓋 ? 油底殼 ? 氣缸墊 ? 缸套 ? 楔形燃燒室 ? 盆形燃燒室 ? 直列發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) ? 火花塞 ? 噴油器 III. Exercises 1 cylinder head cover。 2cylinder head。 3 cylinder gasket。 4cylinder block。 5 oil pan ?It has long since been established practice to bine the cylinder block and crankcase into a single unit, this generally being termed “monobloc” construction. The historical origins of this form of construction date back to the early 1920s, when there was a general trend towards simplification of the engine structure. III. Exercises ?Until then the cylinder block and crankcase were produced as separate units, in cast iron and aluminum alloy respectively, and then bolted together . In relation to modern engine design, the monobloc construction provides a very necessary rigid foundation for the engine and reduces manufacturing costs. III. Exercises ?I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ?1． In order to make the aluminum stronger and less likely to warp, certain materials are added to the metal or a steel liner placed in the block. ?為了使鋁制缸體剛度更強(qiáng)和盡可能的減少磨損，可將一些材料加入其中或者在缸體中安裝缸套。 ?2． The cylinder gasket?s function is to seal the area between them and prevent leakage of gas, oil and water. ?氣缸墊的作用就是密封缸蓋與缸體之間的區(qū)域，避免漏氣、漏油和漏水。 III. Exercises ?3． The cylinders of multicylinder automotive engines are arranged in one of three ways. ?多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的氣缸排列方式是這三種形式之一。 III. Exercises ?II. Translate the f