【正文】 ciprocating motion at the piston to one of rotation at the flywheel. In the cast of the multicylinder engine, the crankshaft has to control the relative motions of the pistons, while receiving their own impulses. A onepiece construction is most monly used for the motorvehicle crankshaft, which extends the whole length of the engine and must therefore possess considerable rigidity . III. Exercises ?The timingdrive for the engine valve mechanism is taken from the front end of the crankshaft as is the pulley and belt drive for the engine auxiliaries, such as the cooling fan and the alternator for electrical system. attached to the rear end of the crankshaft is the engine flywheel . III. Exercises ?I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ?1． Engine is the power source of the automobile. Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder. ?發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)是汽車的動(dòng)力源 .它通過(guò)汽缸內(nèi)的活塞線性運(yùn)動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的 . ?2． The fuel system works according to the requirements of the engine as it provides an airfuel mixture which must be in proportion to the speed and load placed on the engine. ?燃油系統(tǒng)的作用是根據(jù)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)速和負(fù)荷提供一定比例的可燃混合氣以滿足發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的需求。 ? An automobile is generally posed of four sections such as engine,chassis, body and electrical system. ? 傳動(dòng)系由離合器、變速箱、傳動(dòng)軸、后橋、差速器、從動(dòng)輪組成。 2clutch。 II. Text Explanation ?The internal bustion engine burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the bustion or “explosion” into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. ?The internal bustion engine 內(nèi)燃機(jī) ?Convert …..into….. 使轉(zhuǎn)變 , 轉(zhuǎn)換 ... ?Propel , 驅(qū)使 ?譯文： 內(nèi)燃機(jī)在汽缸內(nèi)燃燒燃料，然后把燃燒或者“爆炸”所產(chǎn)生的膨脹力變成旋轉(zhuǎn)力，用以推動(dòng)車輛前進(jìn)。 ?be posed of ?Navy must be posed of surface ship unit and submarine unit. ?海軍一定是由水面艦艇部隊(duì)和潛艇部隊(duì)組成。 II. Text Explanation III. Exercises ? Translate the following expressions into Chinese. ? chassis ? driving system ? internal bustion engine ? steering system ? braking system ? clutch ? gearbox ? universal joint ? propeller shaft ? generator ?底盤 ?傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng) ?內(nèi)燃機(jī) ?轉(zhuǎn)向系統(tǒng) ?制動(dòng)系統(tǒng) ?離合器 ?變速箱 ?萬(wàn)向節(jié) ?驅(qū)動(dòng)軸 ?發(fā)電機(jī) ?Identify the English names of clutch according to the picture. 1 2 3 456 III. Exercises 1engine。 III. Exercises ? 汽車主要由四個(gè)部分組成，他們是：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)、底盤、車身和電氣設(shè)備。 ?③改變信仰、黨派或意見(jiàn)等 ?She managed to convert him to her opinion. ?她終于設(shè)法說(shuō)服了他接受她的意見(jiàn)。 II. Text Explanation ?Allow 使 … 成為可能，允許 ?近義詞： permit ?The windfall allowed me to buy a house. ?這意外之財(cái)使我 得以 購(gòu)置一幢房子。s poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康狀況不佳 ,使他的父母親憂慮。 3 cylinder gasket。 ?Inline engine is the simplest arrangement. III. Exercises Specialized English for Automobile Specialized English for Automobile Unit 23 Piston and Connecting Rod Contents I. Prequestions II. Text Explanation III. Exercises ?what does the piston assembly consist of? ?It mainly consists of piston, piston rings, piston pin, and connecting rod. I. Prequestions piston piston rings piston pin connecting rod I. Prequestions piston piston rings piston pin connecting rod Function? ?Function: ?transmit the force of expansion to crankshaft through connecting rod ?Withstanding gas pressure I. Prequestions characteristic light rigid cylindrical shaped hollow I. Prequestions cylindrical shaped hollow ?What is the piston posed of? ?piston head, piston lands, piston skirt and piston pin hole. I. Prequestions Components piston top piston head piston skirt piston pin hole I. Prequestions ? What?s the function of the connecting rod? ?to pass the reciprocating power of the piston to the crankshaft. I. Prequestions Small end Connecting rod bushing Connecting rod Big end Connecting rod half shells Connecting rod cap ?To withstand the heat of the bustion chamber, the piston must be strong. ?Withstand ，經(jīng)受住 ?the bustion chamber 燃燒室 ? ?譯文： 活塞必須要堅(jiān)固才能承受燃燒室的熱量。 ?近義詞： act as..... ?區(qū)別： serve 為 …… 服務(wù) II. Text Explanation ? It may be flat, concave, and convex or any one of a great variety of shapes to promote turbulence or help control bustion. ?concave [?k?n?keiv] n. 凹 , 凹面 ?convex [?k?n?veks] ?adj. 表面彎曲如球的外側(cè) , 凸起的 ? 譯文 ：（活塞頂部）形狀可以是平頂、凹頂、凸頂或者其它各種形狀，這些形狀促進(jìn)紊流或有助于控制燃燒。 III. Exercises ?II. Translate the following sentences into English. ?1． 活塞銷裝在活塞的環(huán)形的孔里。?dik] adj. ?周期的 ,周期性的 。懶惰 I get a feeling of inertia on a hot summer day. 在盛夏我有一種 懶洋洋 的感覺(jué)。 II. Text Explanation ? main bearing journal ? rod journal ? crank arm ? counter balanced weight ? timing gear ? front and rear seals ? top dead center ? multicylinder engine ? bearing cap ? belt pulley III. Exercises ?Translate the following expressions into Chinese. ?主軸頸 ?連桿軸頸 ?曲柄 ?平衡重 ?正時(shí)齒輪 ?前后油封 ?上止點(diǎn) ?多缸發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī) ?軸承 ?皮帶輪 III. Exercises cranking claw timing gear main bearing belt pulley tortional vibration damper flywheel flywheel bolt crankshaft ?The crankshaft , regarded as the “backbone ” of the engine, serves to change the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion and handles the entire power output. The crankshaft is actually made up of various parts such as main bearing journal, rod journal, crank arm, counterbalanced weight and flywheel. The connecting rod links its large end to the crankshaft and its small end to the piston . III. Exercises ?I. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. ?1． The crankshaft, regarded as the “backbone” of the engine, serves to change the reciprocating motion of the piston into rotary motion and handles the entire power output. ?曲軸作為發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的支柱，可將活塞的往復(fù)運(yùn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)換成旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)，并且將整個(gè)能