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材料科學基礎專有名詞英文翻譯(編輯修改稿)

2024-08-30 04:51 本頁面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 sion mechanism whereby atomic motion is from interstitial site to interstitial site.晶體擴散機制的一種。間隙原子由一個間隙位置遷移至鄰近的間隙位置所構成的擴散。Vacancy diffusion: 空位擴散The diffusion mechanism wherein net atomic migration is from lattice site to an adjacent vacancy.一種擴散機制,這時候原子的凈遷移過程是從晶格結點位置移動到鄰近的空位中。Activation energy (Q): 激活能,QThe energy required to initiate a reaction, such as diffusion.開動某一反應或過程,例如擴散過程,所需要的能量。Carburizing: 滲碳The process by which the surface carbon concentration of a ferrous alloy is increased by diffusion from the surrounding environment.從周圍環(huán)境中向鐵基合金表面擴散碳,從而使其表面碳濃度提高的工藝過程。Component: 組分A chemical constituent (element or pound) of an alloy, which may be used to specify its position.合金的任一組成(可以是元素或化合物),可以被用于區(qū)分其構成成分。Composition (Ci), Concentration: 成分,CiThe relative content of a particular element or constituent (i) within an alloy, usually expressed in weight percent or atom percent. Also call it concentration.合金中某一元素或組分的相對含量,通常用質(zhì)量百分數(shù)或原子百分數(shù)來表示。也稱為濃度。Concentration gradient (dC/dx): 濃度梯度,The slope of the concentration profile at a specific position.濃度曲線某一點處的斜率。Concentration profile: 濃度曲線The curve that results when the concentration of a chemical species is plotted versus position in a material.在材料中,某種化學物質(zhì)的濃度隨其位置關系變化的曲線。Interdiffusion, impurity diffusion: 互擴散Diffusion of atoms of one metal into another metal.一種金屬中的原子向另一種金屬中的擴散叫互擴散,又稱為雜質(zhì)擴散。第七章 力學性能Anelasticity: 滯彈性In most engineering materials, elastic deformation will continue after the stress application, and upon load release some finite time is required for plete recovery. This timedependent elastic behavior is known as anelasticity.應力施加后,大多數(shù)工程材料彈性形變都會持續(xù),并且撤去加載,樣品的完全回復也需要一定的時間。這種與時間相關的彈性行為稱為滯彈性。Design stress: 設計應力For static situations and when ductile materials are used, design stress, σd, is taken as the calculated stress level σc (on the basis of the estimated maximum load) multiplied by a design factor, N39。, that is σd= N39。σc, where N39。 is greater than unity.對于靜態(tài)條件以及延展性材料的情況下,設計應力σd是計算的應力σc(即估算的最大載荷)乘以一個設計因子N39。,即σd= N39。σc,其中N39。大于1。Ductility: 延伸度Ductility is a measure of the degree of plastic deformation that has been sustained at fracture. 延伸度是指材料在斷裂時發(fā)生的塑性形變程度的量度。Elastic deformation: 彈性形變Deformation in which stress and strain are proportional is called elastic deformation. Elastic deformation is nonpermanent, which means that when the applied load is released, the piece returns to its original shape.應力與應變成正比關系的形變稱為彈性形變。彈性形變是非永久性的,即撤去加載后,樣品可恢復初始的形狀。Elastic recovery:彈性回復Elastic recovery means that when the applied load is released, the piece returns to its original shape.彈性回復是指當樣品所受應力撤銷后,其完全回復到初始形狀的現(xiàn)象。Elastomer: 彈性體Elastomer is a class of polymers whose deformation displayed by strainstress curve is totally elastic, ., large recoverable strains produced at low stress levels. 彈性體是聚合物的一個種類,它的應力-應變曲線表明其變形是完全彈性的,即很低的應力變化就會產(chǎn)生很大的可回復應變。Engineering strain: 工程應變Engineering strain ε is defined according to ε = (lil0)/l0 = Δl/l0, in which l0 is the original length before any load is applied, and li is the instantaneous length. Sometimes the quantity lil0 is denoted as Δl, and is the deformation elongation or change in length at some instant, as referenced to the original length. Engineering strain is unitless.工程應變ε由方程ε = (lil0)/l0 = Δl/l0定義,這里l0是樣品加載前的初始長度,li是加載瞬間的長度,有時lil0也用Δl來表示,即代表與初始長度相比較,某一時刻樣品形變的延長率或長度的變化。工程應變是沒有單位的。Engineering stress: 工程應力Engineering stress σ is defined by the relationship σ = F/A0, in which F is the instantaneous load applied perpendicular to the specimen cross section, in units of newtons (N), and A0 is the original crosssectional area before any load is applied (m2). The units of engineering stress are megapascals, MPa.工程應力σ的定義為σ = F/A0,這里F是加載在垂直樣品橫截面的瞬間載荷,單位為牛頓,A0是加載前樣品的初始橫截面積(單位m2),工程應力單位為MPa。Flexural strength: 抗彎強度For the brittle ceramic materials, flexural strengths are determined by the stress at fracture in transverse bending tests.對脆性陶瓷材料來說,抗彎強度即為橫向彎曲試驗中樣品斷裂時的應力。Hardness: 硬度Hardness is a measure of the resistance to localize plastic deformation.硬度是材料抵抗局部塑性形變的量度。Modulus of elasticity: 彈性模量For most metals that are stressed in tension and at relatively low levels, stress and strain are proportional to each other through the relationship σ = Eε. This is known as Hooke’s law, and the constant of proportionality E (GPa) is the modulus of elasticity, or Young’s modulus.大多數(shù)金屬在較低的拉力作用下,應力和應變成正比關系,可表達為σ = Eε,這就是胡克定理,比例常數(shù)E(GPa)就是彈性模量,或楊氏模量。Plastic deformation: 塑性形變As the material is deformed beyond the strain that elastic deformation persists, the stress is no longer proportional to strain, and permanent, nonrecoverable, or plastic deformation occurs. 當材料的形變超出彈性形變發(fā)生的范圍,其應力將不再與應變成正比,永久的、不可回復的形變發(fā)生,即為塑性形變。Poisson’s ratio: 泊松比Poisson’s ratio represents the negative ratio of transverse and longitudinal strains.泊松比的定義為樣品橫向應變與軸向應變的相反數(shù)。Proportional limit: 比例極限For metals that experience the gradual elasticplastic transition, the point of yielding is determined as the initial departure from linearity of the stressstrain curve and this is sometimes called the proportional limit.對于金屬逐步的彈塑性形變轉變,其屈服點確定為應力-應變曲線非線性關系的開始,這個點也被稱為比例極限。Resilience: 彈性Resilience is the capacity of a material to absorb energy during elastic deformation.彈性是指材料在彈性形變中吸收能量的能力。Safe stress: 安全應力
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