【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 老是）做某事 She had us working day after day. I don’t have you speaking so rudely to me. 2. Have sth.(sb.) done 使某事發(fā)生（被做），請或讓別人做 You’d better have/get your hair cut. They should have him examined by a good doctor. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday. 三、 現(xiàn)在分詞的時態(tài) 肯定式 否定式 一般式 doing not doing 完成式 having done not having done 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般形式 (doing) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作 同時 發(fā)生，或在謂語動作 之前 發(fā)生。 I entered the room, I found him reading. teacher came in ,holding a flower in her left hand. 3. Examining the patient carefully, the doctor paid special attention to the pain in his chest. (having done) 現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示分詞的動作發(fā)生 在謂語動作之前 。 完成時態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞在句中經(jīng)常作狀語。 Not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet. Having examined the patient carefully, the doctor went out of the ward to have a consultation with other doctors. 四、現(xiàn)在分詞被動形式 肯定形式 否定形式 一般式 being done not being done 完成式 having been done not having been done △ 在表示一個 被動 的 動作 時，如果這個動作是現(xiàn)刻 正在進(jìn)行 的，或是 與謂語 表示的 動作同時發(fā)生 的，就可以用 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式 。這種形式可以作 定語、狀語 或 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語 That building being repaired is our library. （ 定語） He asked who was the man being operated on. （ 定語） You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere. （ 賓語補(bǔ)足語） As we entered the village, we saw new houses being built. （ 賓語補(bǔ)足語） △ 有時還有完成被動形式 ， 如： Having been examined carefully, the patient was sent to the operation room. Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.（ 狀語） Being examined by the doctor, the patient felt a pain in the chest. （ 狀語） 五、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 在用分詞短語作狀語時 , 它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致 , 否則它必須有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語 , 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為 :獨(dú) 立 結(jié) 構(gòu) 獨(dú) 立 結(jié) 構(gòu) 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示 伴隨 動作或情況 , 表示 時間 、原因 、 條件 等 , 例如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (伴隨情況 ) The shower being over, we continued to march. (時間 ) So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因 ) Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. (條件 ) All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. The position written, he handed it to the teacher. 六、分詞的用法比較、區(qū)別 項(xiàng)目 分詞 時態(tài) 語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞 進(jìn)行 主動 過去分詞 完成 被動 過去分詞 在時態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動作已經(jīng) 完成 ，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于 被動 ； 而 現(xiàn)在分詞 在時態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在 進(jìn)行 ，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于 主動 。 這種根本的區(qū)別具體體現(xiàn)在兩種分詞分別充當(dāng)?shù)母鞣N句子成份中。細(xì)述如下： 定語 表語 賓補(bǔ) 狀語 五 六 七 （一）、分詞作定語 共同點(diǎn)： 分詞作定語時，如果分詞只是一個單詞，那么，該分詞就位于其所修飾的名詞之前；如果是分詞短語，那么，該短語就位于其所修飾的名詞之后，它的作用相當(dāng)于一個定語從句。 不同點(diǎn)： 分詞作定語時，被分詞 所修飾的名詞 就是該分詞的 邏輯主語 。但 現(xiàn)在分詞 與邏輯主語之間是 主動關(guān)系 ，所表示的動作一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生；而 過去分詞 則表示 被動關(guān)系 ，所示動作一般發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生。 was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing ’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，句子后半部分是一個作定語、修飾 noise 的分詞短語；再根據(jù)句意 “ 一陣閃電之后，接著就是一聲巨響。 ” 可知，巨響應(yīng)是主動，緊接在閃電之后的。因此，該題應(yīng) 選 B。 簡析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games 的后置分詞短語；再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對于動詞 play 來說只能是被動承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。 因此，該題應(yīng) 選 C。 簡析：該題應(yīng) 選 B。 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句 which is spoken of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 簡析：該題應(yīng) 選 A。 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句 who were invited of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 簡析：該題應(yīng) 選 A。 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句 who were invited puter centre, ____ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡析：該題應(yīng) 選 D。 測試過去分詞短語作定語放在所修飾的名詞后，可以用非限制性定語從句“ which was opened last year”代替 first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡析：該題應(yīng) 選 D。 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動，等于定語從句 which were written （二）、分詞作表語 共同點(diǎn)： 分詞作表語時，它起著形容詞的作用。 不同點(diǎn)： 分詞作表語時，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。但 現(xiàn)在分詞 作表語時，與其邏輯主語之間是 主動關(guān)系 ，所表示的動作的一般與句中謂語動詞所表示的動作 同時發(fā)生 ；而 過去分詞 則表示 被動關(guān)系 ，所示動作一般發(fā)生在 謂語動詞之前或同時發(fā)生 。 news sounds ____. A. encouraging B. encouraged C. encourage D. to encourage 簡析：首