【正文】 ded by our teacher? meeting held last week is very important. is a man loved by all. hate to see letters written in pencil. 注意 注①： 如果所表示的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)刻正在發(fā)生，或是與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可以用 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式 來表示 The meeting being held is very important. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 注② ： 如果所表示的是一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作，可以用一個(gè) 不定式的被動(dòng)形式 來表示 The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. ⑤ 分詞還可以作非限制性定語 （ 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句 ） ， 這時(shí) ， 它和句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開 試比較： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. All the letters in the drawer written in pencil are from my sister. All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister. ⑥ 本節(jié)值得注意的問題： 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)，所表示的動(dòng)作 不能先于謂語 所表示的 動(dòng)作 ，也 不可以 表示 將來 。 有時(shí)為了明確時(shí)間、條件或結(jié)果，分詞前可加 when, while, if, thus等連詞。這類分詞一般放在句首。包括 ： feel, see, hear, notice, watch, smell, let, get, have, make, want, find, keep, imagine, 等。 ③ 現(xiàn)在分詞 做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與賓語有著邏輯上的 主謂 關(guān)系，賓語補(bǔ)足語一般為賓語所做的動(dòng)作； 過去分詞 做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與賓語有著動(dòng)賓 關(guān)系，賓語是過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者， He saw an old man getting on the bus. (…was getting on …) I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (…was once sung …) I don’t want the children taken out in such weather. (…were taken out…) ④ 以上句子可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) ， 這時(shí) ，賓語補(bǔ)足語就成了主語補(bǔ)足語 ， 與謂語一起稱為 “ 復(fù)合謂語 ” ， 如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again. One of the glasses was found broken. ⑤ 有些動(dòng)詞既可以用 不定式 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 ， 又可以用 現(xiàn)在分詞 作 賓語補(bǔ)足語 ， 有些動(dòng)詞 只能 用 現(xiàn)在分詞 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 ， 這些動(dòng)詞是 ： catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, spy, send 等 ， She caught her son smoking a cigarette. I don’t mind you joking. I like it. The heavy rain prevented us ing here on time. I don’t remember him ever saying anything like that. 6. have/get 后面要求賓補(bǔ)的兩種情況 1. have sb. doing （老是）做某事 She had us working day after day. I don’t have you speaking so rudely to me. 2. Have sth.(sb.) done 使某事發(fā)生（被做），請(qǐng)或讓別人做 You’d better have/get your hair cut. They should have him examined by a good doctor. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday. 三、 現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài) 肯定式 否定式 一般式 doing not doing 完成式 having done not having done 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般形式 (doing) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作 同時(shí) 發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)作 之前 發(fā)生。這種形式可以作 定語、狀語 或 構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語 That building being repaired is our library. （ 定語） He asked who was the man being operated on. （ 定語） You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere. （ 賓語補(bǔ)足語） As we entered the village, we saw new houses being built. （ 賓語補(bǔ)足語） △ 有時(shí)還有完成被動(dòng)形式 ， 如： Having been examined carefully, the patient was sent to the operation room. Being asked to give a performance, she couldn’t very well refuse.（ 狀語） Being examined by the doctor, the patient felt a pain in the chest. （ 狀語） 五、獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 在用分詞短語作狀語時(shí) , 它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一致 , 否則它必須有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語 , 這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為 :獨(dú) 立 結(jié) 構(gòu) 獨(dú) 立 結(jié) 構(gòu) 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)可以表示 伴隨 動(dòng)作或情況 , 表示 時(shí)間 、原因 、 條件 等 , 例如： He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. (伴隨情況 ) The shower being over, we continued to march. (時(shí)間 ) So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因 ) Weather permitting, we’ll have an outing tomorrow. (條件 ) All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours. The job done, we went home. The position written, he handed it to the teacher. 六、分詞的用法比較、區(qū)別 項(xiàng)目 分詞 時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài) 現(xiàn)在分詞 進(jìn)行 主動(dòng) 過去分詞 完成 被動(dòng) 過去分詞 在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng) 完成 ，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于 被動(dòng) ； 而 現(xiàn)在分詞 在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在 進(jìn)行 ，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于 主動(dòng) 。但 現(xiàn)在分詞 與邏輯主語之間是 主動(dòng)關(guān)系 ，所表示的動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；而 過去分詞 則表示 被動(dòng)關(guān)系 ，所示動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞之前或同時(shí)發(fā)生。 簡(jiǎn)析：首先，根據(jù)語法分析可知，待選部分是一個(gè)作定語、修飾 The Olympic Games 的后置分詞短語；再根據(jù) The Olympic Games 對(duì)于動(dòng)詞 play 來說只能是被動(dòng)承受，且已完成 (in 776 B. C.)。 測(cè)試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動(dòng)，等于定語從句 who were invited of the artists ____ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 簡(jiǎn)析：該題應(yīng) 選 A。 不同點(diǎn)： 分詞作表語時(shí)，句子的主語就是該分詞的邏輯主語。 2. How did Bob do in the exams this time? Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please 簡(jiǎn)析：首先 , 根據(jù)語法分析可知 , 待選部分在句中應(yīng)作表語。因此 , 該題應(yīng) 選 C。 不同點(diǎn)： 分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)， 句子的賓語 就是該 分詞的邏輯主語 。因此 , 該題應(yīng) 選A。 3. I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. to sail D. to have sailed 簡(jiǎn)析 : 該題應(yīng) 選 B。 （四）、分詞作狀語 共同