【正文】 調(diào)動(dòng)作已經(jīng) 完成 ，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于 被動(dòng) ； 而 現(xiàn)在分詞 在時(shí)態(tài)上強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在 進(jìn)行 ，在語態(tài)上側(cè)重于 主動(dòng) 。 完成時(shí)態(tài)的現(xiàn)在分詞在句中經(jīng)常作狀語。 ③ 現(xiàn)在分詞 做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與賓語有著邏輯上的 主謂 關(guān)系，賓語補(bǔ)足語一般為賓語所做的動(dòng)作； 過去分詞 做賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，與賓語有著動(dòng)賓 關(guān)系，賓語是過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者， He saw an old man getting on the bus. (…was getting on …) I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (…was once sung …) I don’t want the children taken out in such weather. (…were taken out…) ④ 以上句子可以變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu) ， 這時(shí) ，賓語補(bǔ)足語就成了主語補(bǔ)足語 ， 與謂語一起稱為 “ 復(fù)合謂語 ” ， 如： We were kept waiting for quite a long time. She was never heard singing that song again. One of the glasses was found broken. ⑤ 有些動(dòng)詞既可以用 不定式 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 ， 又可以用 現(xiàn)在分詞 作 賓語補(bǔ)足語 ， 有些動(dòng)詞 只能 用 現(xiàn)在分詞 作賓語補(bǔ)足語 ， 這些動(dòng)詞是 ： catch, keep, mind, prevent, remember, stop, start, smell, excuse, spy, send 等 ， She caught her son smoking a cigarette. I don’t mind you joking. I like it. The heavy rain prevented us ing here on time. I don’t remember him ever saying anything like that. 6. have/get 后面要求賓補(bǔ)的兩種情況 1. have sb. doing （老是）做某事 She had us working day after day. I don’t have you speaking so rudely to me. 2. Have sth.(sb.) done 使某事發(fā)生（被做），請(qǐng)或讓別人做 You’d better have/get your hair cut. They should have him examined by a good doctor. They two had a wedding picture taken yesterday. 三、 現(xiàn)在分詞的時(shí)態(tài) 肯定式 否定式 一般式 doing not doing 完成式 having done not having done 1. 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般形式 (doing) 現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作 同時(shí) 發(fā)生，或在謂語動(dòng)作 之前 發(fā)生。 ① 現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語 ，如： I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long. I could feel the cold wind blowing on my face. He tried to start the engine running. The words immediately set us all laughing. 注意： 現(xiàn)在分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動(dòng)作與謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生或正在進(jìn)行，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過程。包括 ： feel, see, hear, notice, watch, smell, let, get, have, make, want, find, keep, imagine, 等。 divided, we fall. (=When / If we are united …) Heated, water changes into steam. (=When / If water is heated …) Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful. 過去分詞短語作狀語時(shí) ， 前面有時(shí)可以加上 when, if, while, though, as if 等連詞 ， 這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以看作是一種省略的狀語從句（ 省略部分多為 “ 主語 + be 的多種形式 ” ） 。這類分詞一般放在句首。 作伴隨狀語時(shí)： ② 現(xiàn)在分詞作 方式 狀語 ， 表示行為方式或手段 （ 這類狀語可以放在句首 ， 也可以放在句末 ， 有時(shí)還可以放在句中 。 有時(shí)為了明確時(shí)間、條件或結(jié)果，分詞前可加 when, while, if, thus等連詞。 作狀語的分詞 (短語 )通常放在句首或句尾，有時(shí)也可插在句子的主謂語之間。 a concerned look 關(guān)切的神情 the rade concerned 有關(guān)的 同志 a used car 舊車 the textbooks used 用過的教科書 the given time 特定的時(shí)間 the time given 給予的時(shí)間 the involved problems 復(fù)雜的問題 the problem involved 所涉及的問題 b. 表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作 , 或現(xiàn)在 (或當(dāng)時(shí) ) 的狀態(tài) , (變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí) , 用一般時(shí)態(tài) ), 如： They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. ③ 作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有兩種情況 ： a. 表示正在 進(jìn)行 的動(dòng)作 , (變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) ), 如 ： Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise. ④ 過去分詞作定語時(shí) ， 過去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作可以在謂語所表示的動(dòng)作 之前 發(fā)生 ，也可以是沒有一定的時(shí)間性 ， 如 ： this the book remended by our teacher? meeting held last week is very important. is a man loved by all. hate to see letters written in pencil. 注意 注①： 如果所表示的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)刻正在發(fā)生，或是與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，可以用 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)形式 來表示 The meeting being held is very important. We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 注② ： 如果所表示的是一個(gè)未來的動(dòng)作，可以用一個(gè) 不定式的被動(dòng)形式 來表示 The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. ⑤ 分詞還可以作非限制性定語 （ 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語從句 ） ， 這時(shí) ， 它和句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開 試比較： All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists. All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists. All the letters in the drawer written in pencil are from my sister. All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my sister. ⑥ 本節(jié)值得注意的問題： 現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時(shí)，所表示的動(dòng)作 不能先于謂語 所表示的 動(dòng)作 ，也 不可以 表示 將來 。 I’m interested in chess. I was interested by what you told me. 定語 ① 單獨(dú)作定語，應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之前， dogs seldom bite. our respected and beloved leaders entered the banquet hall. ② 在更多情況下，可以用分詞短語作定語，這時(shí)分詞短語應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后，在意義上也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，如 ： They built a highway leading into the mountains. They are problems left over by history. 注意 分詞作定語時(shí)，意義上接近于一個(gè)定語從句，如： developing countries = countries that are developing a growing city = a city that is growing liberated areas = areas that have been liberated Who is the man standing (= that is standing) by the door? Have you read any short stories written(who was w