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高考英語分詞語法復(fù)習(xí)-wenkub.com

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【正文】 exciting D. excited 。 held D. Held 。 giving D. Given。 stolen D. lying。 took D. looking 。 seeing D. Seen 。 followed D. followed 。 tiring D. tired 。 The building repaired is our library. ( 完成) The building being repaired is our library. ( 進(jìn)行) (七)、延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在時(shí)間含義上的區(qū)別 延續(xù)性動詞的分詞相當(dāng)于一個(gè)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的從句;而終止性動詞的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)一般過去時(shí)的從句。 ) 例 : The murderer was brought in, with his hands ____ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡析:很顯然,待選部分的邏輯主語是 his hands, 而不是句子的主語 The murderer , 而 his hands 對于動詞 tie 來說,只能是被動承受。 測試現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,通過副詞 angrily 進(jìn)行干擾。 若動作發(fā)生在主句動作之前時(shí)用非謂語的完成式。 football is played in 80 countries, ____ it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 簡析:首先,根據(jù)語法分析可知,待選部分在整個(gè)句中應(yīng)作狀語;再根據(jù) European football 對于 make 來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系,即歐洲足球使之本身成為一項(xiàng)最受世人歡迎的運(yùn)動。 測試使役動詞后用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示賓語正發(fā)出的動作。因此,該題應(yīng) 選 D。 再根據(jù)賓語 the man 對于動詞 lie 來說應(yīng)是主動關(guān)系 , 而且 , lie 這個(gè)動作與謂語動詞 found 同時(shí)進(jìn)行。 (三)、分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 共同點(diǎn): 分詞在復(fù)合賓語中可作賓語補(bǔ)足語,對句子的賓語起補(bǔ)充或說明作用。 換言之 , 他的父親因?yàn)槭艿竭@個(gè)結(jié)果的刺激而感到高興。因此,該題應(yīng) 選 A。 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動,等于定語從句 which were written (二)、分詞作表語 共同點(diǎn): 分詞作表語時(shí),它起著形容詞的作用。 測試過去分詞作后置定語表達(dá)被動,等于定語從句 which is spoken of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 簡析:該題應(yīng) 選 A。因此,該題應(yīng) 選 B。 不同點(diǎn): 分詞作定語時(shí),被分詞 所修飾的名詞 就是該分詞的 邏輯主語 。 Not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet. Having examined the patient carefully, the doctor went out of the ward to have a consultation with other doctors. 四、現(xiàn)在分詞被動形式 肯定形式 否定形式 一般式 being done not being done 完成式 having been done not having been done △ 在表示一個(gè) 被動 的 動作 時(shí),如果這個(gè)動作是現(xiàn)刻 正在進(jìn)行 的,或是 與謂語 表示的 動作同時(shí)發(fā)生 的,就可以用 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動形式 。 ② 過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語 He watched the TV set carried out of the room. Last year they had the house rebuilt. When you speak English, be sure to make yourself understood. You’d better have your shoes mended. 注意: 過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語表示動作完成結(jié)果,并有被動意義 。需要注意的是 , 省略的主語必須和主句的主語相同 If / When heated, water changes into steam. Even if invited, I won’t go. We will not attack unless attacked. The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 賓補(bǔ) “感覺”和“使役”動詞。 其他參考上述 ac ) , 如: Following the guide, they started to climb. Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost. Travelling by jeep, we visited a number of cities. ③ 現(xiàn)在分詞作 原因 狀語, 表示原因或理由 如: Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note. Not knowing her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her. Being so poor in those days, we couldn’t afford to send the boy to hospital. 注意 如果分詞表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之前發(fā)生,則要用完成形式 Having worked among the peasants for many years, he knew them very well. Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter. Having lived in Berlin many years, he knew the city well. ④ 現(xiàn)在分詞作 時(shí)間狀語 ( 相當(dāng)于 when 引導(dǎo)的從句 ) , 如: Turning around, she saw a police car driving up. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Seeing those pictures, he couldn’t help thinking of those days in Yan’an. 注意 注①: 這里分詞表示的是一個(gè)極短暫的動作,這動作一發(fā)生,謂語動詞所表示的動作立即發(fā)生。 分詞作狀語時(shí),它的邏輯主語 必須 與句子的主語保持一致。這些詞也可作前置定語,但所表達(dá)的意思有所不同。 系表結(jié)構(gòu) 說明主語的 狀態(tài) 或具有的性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn); 被動結(jié)構(gòu) 強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動作,指主語所承受的 動作 。高三英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法系列訓(xùn)練 分 詞 河北望都中學(xué) 鄭長年 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞 1 構(gòu)成 2 功能 3 時(shí)態(tài) 4 語態(tài) 5 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) 6 區(qū)別 一、構(gòu)成形式 主動形式 被動形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done △ 過去分詞只有一種形式 (v+ed)。 The small village is surrounded by trees. (狀態(tài) ) The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers. (動作 ) 系表結(jié)構(gòu) : a. 常用一般現(xiàn)在或一般過去時(shí)態(tài); b. 一般不帶狀語; c. 可以有不及物動詞的過去分詞。 a concerned look 關(guān)切的神情 the rade concerned 有關(guān)的 同志 a used car 舊車 the textbooks used 用過的教科書 the given time 特定的時(shí)間 the time given 給予的時(shí)間 the involved problems 復(fù)雜的問題 the problem involved 所涉及的問題 b. 表示經(jīng)常性的動作 , 或現(xiàn)在 (或當(dāng)時(shí) ) 的狀態(tài) , (變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí) , 用一般時(shí)態(tài) ), 如: They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in 1955. ③ 作定語的現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作發(fā)生的時(shí)間有兩種情況 : a. 表示正在 進(jìn)行 的動作 , (變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) ), 如 : Tell the children playing there (who are playing there) not to make so much noise. ④ 過去分詞作定語時(shí) , 過去分詞所表示的動作可以在謂語所表示的動作 之前 發(fā)生 ,也可以是沒有一定的時(shí)間性 , 如 : this the book remen
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