【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 supremely influential in the way we live. From the bedtime story read by a parent to their child all the way though to the sitting room lined with books in our adult homes, books define our English writer (18791970) even hinted at a more mystical power which books possess over wrote,”I suggest that the only books that influence us are those for which we are ready,and which have gone a little further down our particular path than we have gone ourselves.”It’s as if the right book es to seek us out at the right moment, and offers itself to usit’s not us who seek out the book. 小時(shí)候，在我們剛剛能聽(tīng)講的時(shí)候，書對(duì)我們的生活方式就產(chǎn)生了很 大的影響。 從父母給孩子讀的睡前故事一直到成年后家中擺滿書柜的客廳， 書界定了我們的人生。英國(guó)作家 E. （1879–1970）暗示書對(duì)我們 具有另一種更加神秘的支配力。他寫道： “我認(rèn)為能影響我們的書籍是那些 我們已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備要讀的書，它們只是在我們已經(jīng)選定的道路上走得比我們更 遠(yuǎn)一些而已。 合適的書好像自己就會(huì)在恰當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候找到我們，出現(xiàn)在我 ”們面前，而不是我們?nèi)ふ夷潜緯?Thomas Merton(19151968),the American monk,priest and writer,was once asked a series of seven questions by a journalist:Name the last three books you have read,the three books you are reading now ,the books you intend to read ,the books that have influenced you, and why, a book that everyone should read,and the books which had influenced him,he cited poetic works of William Blake,various plays by ancient Greek thinkers and writers,and a number of religious asked why they had influenced him,he replied, “These books and others like them have helped me to discover the real meaning of my life,and have made it possible for me to get out of the confusion and meaninglessness of an existence pletely immersed in the needs and passivities fostered by a culture in which sales are everything.”美國(guó)修士、牧師及作家托馬斯默頓（1915–1968）曾經(jīng)被記者一連串 地問(wèn)了 7個(gè)問(wèn)題：說(shuō)出你最近讀完的 3本書；你正在讀的 3本書；你打 算要讀的書；對(duì)你有影響的書，并解釋為什么；一本每人都要讀的書，并 解釋為什么。關(guān)于對(duì)他有影響的書，他列出了《威廉布萊克詩(shī)集》 、古希臘思想家和作家寫的各種戲劇以及一些宗教作品。當(dāng)被問(wèn)及這些書為何會(huì) 影響他時(shí)，他回答說(shuō)： “這些書——還有其他類似的書籍——幫助我找到了 人生的真諦，它們把我從生活的困惑和空虛中解脫出來(lái)。銷售就是一切的 文化培育了人的需求和被動(dòng)，而那種生活就深陷其中?！盨o how would you answer the questions?那么，你又會(huì)如何回答這些問(wèn)題呢？In 1947,Clifton Fadiman coined the term homerun a baseball player hits a home run, he hits the ball so hard and so far he’s able to run round the four bases of the diamond, and score points not only for himself but for the other runners already on a base. It’s the most enjoyable and satisfying event in a baseball game. Likewise, a homerun book describes not the child’s first reading experience, but the first time they read a book which induces such pleasure and satisfaction that they can’t put it down. For hundreds of millions of children around the world,the best know example of a homerun book will be the Harry Potter stories.1947年，克里夫頓費(fèi)迪曼發(fā)明了“全壘打書籍”這個(gè)詞。當(dāng)一個(gè)棒 球手打出一個(gè)全壘打時(shí)，因?yàn)閾羟蛴辛?、打得遠(yuǎn)，他有時(shí)間跑完整個(gè)棒球 場(chǎng)內(nèi)的四個(gè)壘，不僅自己得分，而且?guī)推渌鱾€(gè)壘的跑壘者得分，這是棒 球賽里最有趣和最開心的事情。同樣，一本“全壘打書籍”指的不是兒童 的第一次讀書的經(jīng)歷，而是指他們第一次讀到一本能給他們帶來(lái)極大的愉 悅和滿足感的書、癡迷到手不釋卷的經(jīng)歷。對(duì)世界上數(shù)以億計(jì)的兒童來(lái)說(shuō)，As adults, we’re always looking for our own homerun books,not just for the first time,but time after time has read a novel in one sitting will always remember the pleasure and satisfaction which await us,and eagerly,insistently,sometimes even desperately seeks to reproduce the marvellous sensation cannot withstand the hunger to visit another world, to meet different people,to live other lives and to reflect on ourselves.“全壘打書籍”的最典型的例子就是《哈利波特》系列小說(shuō)。 作為成年人，我們總在尋找自己的“全壘打書籍”，不是第一次，而是 一次又一次地尋找。所有一口氣讀完一本小說(shuō)的人都會(huì)記得那種令人期待 的愉悅和滿足感，并會(huì)焦急、固執(zhí)、有時(shí)甚至瘋狂地尋求重復(fù)體驗(yàn)這種感 覺(jué)。我們想周游另一世界、會(huì)見(jiàn)不同國(guó)家不同民族的人、經(jīng)歷別樣人生并 自我反省，我們無(wú)法遏制這樣的渴求。Danger!Books may change your is the power of reading.危險(xiǎn)！書可能會(huì)改變你的人生。這就是讀書的力量。Unit 3 時(shí)裝潮流 50年 No history of fashion in the yeas 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors: the ubiquitous jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for women’s skirts and dresses.1960至 2010年間的時(shí)裝史存在著兩個(gè)不可忽略或不可低估的不變因 素：一是無(wú)處不在的牛仔褲，二是女裝裙擺的升降。Denim,the material which jeans are made of, was know in France in the late 16th century,but it was Levi Strauss who saw that miners in the Californian gold rush in the min19th century needed strong trousers,which he reinforced with metal denim jeans remained popular in the US as work clothes until the 1950s,but then became associated with youth, new ideas,rebellion and Levi Strauss amp。 Co began to export blue jeans to Europe and Asia in the late 1950s,they were bought and worn with huge enthusiasm by young people and recognized as a symbol of the young,informal American way of life. 牛仔褲是用粗斜紋布做的，早在 16世紀(jì)末法國(guó)就有了這種布料。直 到 19世紀(jì)中葉，李維施特勞斯發(fā)現(xiàn)在加州淘金熱中勞動(dòng)的礦工很需要用這種耐用布料做成的牛仔褲，他還用鉚釘來(lái)加固褲子。直到 1950年代， 藍(lán)色粗斜紋布做的牛仔褲一直只是流行的工裝，但是后來(lái)牛仔褲變成了青 春、新思想、反叛及個(gè)性的標(biāo)志。1950年代末，李維施特勞斯公司開始 向歐亞出口藍(lán)色牛仔褲。年輕人趨之若鶩，視其為美國(guó)活力四射的、隨意 的生活方式的象征。Hemlines have a more peculiar significance during this has often been noted that there is a precise correlation,with only a few exceptions,between the length of women’s skirts and the the stock market rises, so do hemlines, and when it fails,so do why women should want to expose more or less of their legs during periods of economic boom and bust remains a the general trend is the economic outlook is unsettled,both men and women tend to wear more conservative clothes. 裙擺在這一時(shí)期有著特殊的意義。人們時(shí)常會(huì)注意到，女人的裙擺和 經(jīng)濟(jì)之間存在一種頗為精確的關(guān)聯(lián)性，且鮮有例外。股市升時(shí)裙擺也跟著 上升；股市跌時(shí)裙擺就跟著下降。在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮和蕭條時(shí)期女性到底為什么 要多暴露或少暴露雙腿至今仍然是個(gè)迷。但總的趨勢(shì)是必定是這樣的：每 當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)前景不明朗時(shí)，男人和女人都傾向于穿比較保守的衣服。Perhaps the most important development in fashion in the 1960s was the miniskirt, invented by the British designer Mary Quant worked in the heart of Swinging London, the miniskirt developed into a major international fashion. It was given greater respectability when the great French designer,Courreges,developed it into an item of high it would not have achieved such international currency without the development of tights,instead of stockings,because the rise in hemlines meant the stocking tops would be visible. 1960年代時(shí)裝史上一個(gè)最重要的發(fā)展就是英國(guó)時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師瑪麗匡特 發(fā)明的超短裙。由于匡特在“搖擺倫敦”的中心地帶工作，超短裙很快就 風(fēng)行全球。 當(dāng)法國(guó)杰出的時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師庫(kù)雷熱把超短裙變成一件高級(jí)時(shí)裝時(shí)， 超短裙得到了人們更多的尊敬。但是，如果只有長(zhǎng)筒襪而沒(méi)有發(fā)明褲襪的 話，超短裙是不可能在全球流行的，因?yàn)槿箶[的上升會(huì)讓人看見(jiàn)長(zhǎng)筒襪的 襪口。 The hippie movement of the mid1960s and early 1970s influenced the design of jeans,with the trouser leg developing a flar