【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.譯文：因?yàn)閳D像的較明亮的部分比黑暗的部分或者陰影部分發(fā)射的電子更多，所以產(chǎn)生的電子圖像隨正電荷的變化強(qiáng)度，使正在描述的熒幕上的光強(qiáng)度成倍增強(qiáng)。要點(diǎn)：在這句的定語(yǔ)從句中，有現(xiàn)在分詞作前置定語(yǔ)，及過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，翻譯成前置的定語(yǔ)詞組會(huì)生澀拗口。因此，將從句與主句分開(kāi)翻譯，單獨(dú)成句。19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.譯文：在最初的幾年里，雜草可能在農(nóng)作物之間繁茂地蔓生，為了消滅這些雜草，需要有效的除草劑，發(fā)揮與耕地同樣的消滅雜草的作用。要點(diǎn)：這是一個(gè)典型的將定語(yǔ)從句譯為前置的并列分句的例子。20. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in mand.譯文：在大的鐵路終點(diǎn)站，站長(zhǎng)的工作主要是行政管理的，這是由于車站運(yùn)營(yíng)范圍廣、工作人員多。要點(diǎn)：在本句的翻譯中基本上看不出原句中定語(yǔ)從句of which he is in mand的痕跡。定語(yǔ)從句完全融入漢語(yǔ)翻譯中。21. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons （光子）freely emerge.24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion25. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its mander in chief.2125答案21. Attending services at the Cathedral of Pisa, he found himself watching a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted now in wide arcs, now in small ones.譯文：一次在比薩大教堂做禮拜時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正看著一個(gè)吊燈架，它隨著氣流時(shí)而劃一個(gè)大弧，時(shí)而劃一個(gè)小弧。要點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句被翻譯為后置的并列分句，用人稱代詞“它”代替先行詞“吊架燈”。22. Although he got generally good grades and was outstanding in mathematics, Einstein hated the academic high school he was sent to in Munich, where success depended on memorization and obedience to arbitrary authority.譯文：雖然愛(ài)因斯坦門門功課都很優(yōu)異，數(shù)學(xué)尤為突出，但他很討厭上這所慕尼黑的中學(xué)。在這所學(xué)校里成功取決于死機(jī)硬背和對(duì)專職權(quán)威的服從。要點(diǎn)：although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和where引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。23. One is the visible edge of the sun, which is a gaseous “surface” from which visible light photons （光子）freely emerge.譯文：一個(gè)例子就是太陽(yáng)的邊緣，這是一個(gè)氣狀的表面，可見(jiàn)光的光子從中源源涌出。要點(diǎn)：本句在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句里又包含一個(gè)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，為了符合漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣，我們將兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句都譯為后置的并列分句。24. Rockets perform best in space, where there is no atmosphere to impede their motion譯文：火箭在太空中運(yùn)行最佳，因?yàn)樵谀莾翰淮嬖谧璧K他們運(yùn)動(dòng)的大氣。要點(diǎn)：在語(yǔ)義上，定語(yǔ)從句與主句的關(guān)系為因果關(guān)系，因此我們將定語(yǔ)從句譯為原因狀語(yǔ)從句。25. Congress, which had met to continue its protests to the crown, found itself raising an army and selecting George Washington as its mander in chief.譯文：代表大會(huì)先前已集會(huì)決定繼續(xù)向英皇提抗議，而現(xiàn)在則發(fā)展到招募兵員并推選喬治? 華盛頓為總司令了。要點(diǎn)：定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞融合起來(lái)，翻譯成時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。26. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.28. In the Greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.29. Medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate rule of evidence and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.30. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.2630答案 26. This food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是the food supply will not increase... to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis ...。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。其先行詞是前面一整句。翻譯時(shí)譯成另一個(gè)分句。在這個(gè)從句中又包含了一個(gè)由that引導(dǎo)的名詞從句作means的賓語(yǔ)。指示代詞this在這兒指代上文的人口增長(zhǎng)。譯文：食品供應(yīng)的增加將趕不上人口的增長(zhǎng)，這就意味著我們?cè)诩Z食的生產(chǎn)和購(gòu)銷方面正陷入危機(jī)。27. Other issues that concern the body politic, such as crime, poverty, and welfare, are not easily linked to public support of scientific research, save at the educational level.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是other issues that concern ...，are not easily linked to...，save at...。這是一個(gè)含有that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的長(zhǎng)主句，other issues是主語(yǔ)，也是先行詞。such as引導(dǎo)并列成分。謂語(yǔ)是are not easily linked to public support of scientific research。save在這個(gè)句子中相當(dāng)于“except”，意為“除了。”。body politic可譯為“國(guó)家”。譯文：除了在教育層次上，其他一些與國(guó)家息息相關(guān)的問(wèn)題，如犯罪、貧窮和福利都難以與公共支持的科研相提并論。28. In the Greek heritage of the west, myth has always been in tension with reason, which signified the rational and analytic mode of arriving at a true account of reality.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是in the Greek heritage..., myth has always been..., which signified...。關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾reason。在這個(gè)句子中，which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句兼有狀語(yǔ)從句的功能，翻譯時(shí)可視作原因狀語(yǔ)從句翻譯。reason在此句中不譯為“原因、理由”，應(yīng)譯為“理性”。譯文：在西方希臘遺產(chǎn)中，神話與理性始終處于緊張沖突狀態(tài)，因?yàn)槔硇砸馕吨鴮?duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)進(jìn)行合情合理、符合實(shí)際的分析和描述29. Medicine, like all branches of science, needs scholars who are able to develop appropriate rule of evidence and then apply those rules to the continuously flowing stream of new data to determine what is relevant.要點(diǎn)：句子的框架是medicine, like all..., needs scholars who are able to...。like all branches of science是插入語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)修飾scholars。在這個(gè)從句中包含一個(gè)名詞從句—what is relevant作determine的賓語(yǔ)。flowing stream of new data在此譯為“新數(shù)據(jù)流”。apply...to在此句中譯為“把……應(yīng)用于……”。譯文：正像所有的科學(xué)分支一樣，醫(yī)學(xué)也需要這類學(xué)者，他們既能開(kāi)發(fā)適當(dāng)?shù)摹皩?shí)證規(guī)則”，又能把那些規(guī)則應(yīng)用到不斷變化的新數(shù)據(jù)流中去，進(jìn)而確定哪些信息是相關(guān)的。30. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which devel