【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 but rather to offer “moral lessons” on the supposed oute of women’s rule in their own society . (4) 如果我們先研究一下為什么古人會(huì)提到亞馬遜人，下面的一點(diǎn)就變得清晰了，那就是古希臘對(duì)于這種社會(huì)的廟睡不是太多的被用來(lái)表達(dá)觀察的歷史事實(shí)——真正的亞麻遜社會(huì)的——而是為了對(duì)于婦女在其社會(huì)中的統(tǒng)治的預(yù)期后果提供一種“道德教導(dǎo)”。18. Thus，for instance，it may e as a shock to mathematicians to learn that the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom is not a literally correct description of this atom，but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin，magnetic dipole，and relativistic effects；and that this corrected　equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of　quantum fieldtheoretical equations. （5）因此，舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)家而言，了解到下述情形可能會(huì)令其驚愕不已，即薛定諤（Schrodinger）的氫原子方程式并非是對(duì)該原子作出的一種絕然正確的描述，而僅僅是個(gè)近似值，趨近于一個(gè)在某種程度上更為正確的將自旋、磁性偶極子、以及相對(duì)論效應(yīng)考慮在內(nèi)的方程式；而這個(gè)得以糾正的方程式就其本身而言也只是一個(gè)不完美的近似值，趨近于無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的一整套量子場(chǎng)論方程式。 19. The physicist rightly dreads precise argument，since an argument that is　convincing only if it is precise loses all its force if the assumptions on　which it is based are slightly changed，whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions. （5+）物理學(xué)家恐懼于那些精確無(wú)誤的論據(jù)不無(wú)道理，因?yàn)槟撤N只有在它是精確無(wú)誤的條件下才令人置信的論據(jù)，一旦它賴(lài)于建立其上的假設(shè)稍有變化，便會(huì)失去它一部的作用；而與此相反，一個(gè)盡管并不精確無(wú)誤但卻令人置信的論據(jù)，在其基本假設(shè)（underlying assumption）稍微受干擾的情況下，仍然有可能是站得住腳的。 20. However，as they gained cohesion，the Bluestockings came to regard themselves as a women’s group and to possess a sense of female solidarity lacking in the salonnieres，who remained isolated from one another by the primacy each held in her own salon. （4）起初，藍(lán)襪女們確實(shí)模仿了法國(guó)沙龍女主人，將男性襄括到其小圈子中來(lái)。然則，隨著她們獲得的凝聚力，她們漸趨將自己視作一女性團(tuán)體，并擁有了一種婦女團(tuán)結(jié)意識(shí)，而這種意識(shí)在法國(guó)沙龍女主人身上則蕩然無(wú)存，因?yàn)樗齻兠總€(gè)人在其自己的沙龍中自視甚高而彼此孤立隔絕開(kāi)來(lái)。21. As my own studies have advanced，I have been increasingly impressed with the functional　　similarities between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences that seem，at first glance，to constitute such an immense gulf between them. （5）隨著我的研究不斷深入，我對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)和脊椎動(dòng)物群落之間的功能類(lèi)似性印象愈來(lái)愈深刻，而對(duì)結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異印象愈發(fā)淡漠，雖然這些結(jié)構(gòu)上的差異初看上去似乎構(gòu)成了二者間一條無(wú)法愈越的鴻溝。 22. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances，its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological，and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.（4） 雖然小說(shuō)無(wú)疑起源于政治情狀，但其作者則是以非意識(shí)形態(tài)的方式對(duì)這些政治情狀作出反應(yīng)的，而將小說(shuō)和故事主要地當(dāng)作意識(shí)形態(tài)的工具來(lái)探討，會(huì)在相當(dāng)程度上阻礙小說(shuō)事業(yè)。 23. Is this a defect，or are the authors working out of，or trying to forge，a different kind of aesthetic？ （3）這究竟是一種缺陷呢，還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系進(jìn)行創(chuàng)作，抑或是在試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學(xué)體系？24. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism 。 does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? （5）不僅如此，有些黑人小說(shuō)（比如JT的甘蔗）的風(fēng)格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實(shí)主義；這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個(gè)和諧的對(duì)應(yīng)呢？這種主題刻畫(huà)了黑人注意與之相抗?fàn)幍拿\(yùn)，這是一個(gè)通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達(dá)的主題。25. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels，bringing to our attention in the　process some fascinating and littleknown works like James Weldon　Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex　　Colored Man. （4）注意：bring A to B ——〉bring to B A《黑人小說(shuō)》考察了極為廣泛的一系列小說(shuō)，在此過(guò)程中讓我們注意到了某些引人入勝但卻鮮為人知的作品，如詹姆斯。韋爾登。約翰遜（James Weldon Johnson）的《一個(gè)曾經(jīng)是有色人的自傳》（Autobiography of an ExColored Man）。 26. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longerwavelength，　　infrared emissions radiated from the Earth’s surface，radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)雖然這些分子允許可見(jiàn)波長(zhǎng)（visible wavelength）的輻射——陽(yáng)光的絕大部分能量就匯集于此——不受阻擋地穿透，但它們卻會(huì)吸收某些較長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)（longerwavelength），亦即從地球表面輻射出的紅外發(fā)射（infrared emission），這種輻射若不是二氧化碳的緣故就會(huì)被重新輸送回太空。 27. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating　the details of human behavior but one　of imposing constraints—ways of　feeling，thinking，and acting that　　e naturally in archetypal situations in any culture. （4）這些人類(lèi)學(xué)家所歸諸于生物進(jìn)化的作用，不是規(guī)定人類(lèi)行為的種種細(xì)節(jié)，而是將各種限制強(qiáng)加于人類(lèi)——即在任何文化的典型情景中都會(huì)“自然表露”的情感、思維、以及行動(dòng)方式。 28. Which of the following most probably provides an appropriate analogy from human morphology for the “details” versus “constraints” distinction made in the passage in relation to human behavior? （5）以下哪一個(gè)選項(xiàng)最有可能為文章中所談到的與人類(lèi)行為有關(guān)的“人類(lèi)行為細(xì)節(jié)”相對(duì)“人類(lèi)所受限制”之間的差異，從人類(lèi)形態(tài)的角度上提供了一個(gè)合適的類(lèi)比？29. A low number of algal cells in the presence of a high number of grazers suggested，but did not prove， that the grazers　had removed most of the algae. （3+）在存在大量食草動(dòng)物的同時(shí)卻只有少量的水藻花粉囊，這暗示出——但沒(méi)能證明——食草動(dòng)物已吞噬了大部分水藻。 30. Perhaps the fact many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton (nannoplankton) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on , led to a deemphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research. （5）可能這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，那就是很多這樣的最初的研究只是考慮了那些能夠用網(wǎng)撈起來(lái)的大小的水藻，這樣一個(gè)忽視了更小的浮游生物（而這些浮游生物我們現(xiàn)在知道是捕食者主要的食物）的做法，導(dǎo)致了在接下來(lái)的研究中對(duì)于捕食者的作用的貶低。31. Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural munity grazing rates by measuring feeding rates of　individual zooplankton species in the　laboratory and then puting munity grazing rates for field conditions　using the known population density　of grazers. （5）由哈格雷夫（Hargrave）和吉恩（Geen）所進(jìn)行的研究，對(duì)自然條件下的群落捕食速率進(jìn)行了估計(jì)，其手段是通過(guò)測(cè)量出實(shí)驗(yàn)室內(nèi)單獨(dú)的浮游動(dòng)物種類(lèi)的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草動(dòng)物種群密度，計(jì)算出實(shí)地狀況下的群落捕食速率。32. In the periods　of peak zooplankton abundance，that is，in the late spring and in the summer，　　Haney recorded maximum daily munity grazing rates，for nutrientpoor　lakes and bog lakes，respectively，of percent and 114 percent of daily phytoplankton production. （3+）在浮游動(dòng)物數(shù)量激增的高峰期，亦即在春季后期以及夏季，哈尼記錄了最大程度上的每日群落食草比率，對(duì)于營(yíng)養(yǎng)物不充足的湖和沼澤湖而言，%和114%. 33. The hydrologic cycle，a major topic in this science，is the plete cycle of phenomena through which water passes，beginning as atmospheric water vapor，passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation，thence along and into the ground surface，and finally again returning to the