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的句子與眾不同。其實(shí)就是主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句的變形。 舉例: This is what I can do. Whether he can go with us or not is not sure. 同樣主語、賓語、表語可以改成如下的復(fù)雜成分: When to go, Why he goes away… ? 5)附加(多此一舉) 如果有了老婆,總會(huì)遇到這樣的情況,當(dāng)你再講某個(gè)人的時(shí)候,她會(huì)插一句說,我昨天見過他;或者說,就是某某某,如果把老婆的話插入到我們的話里面,那就是定語從句和同位語從句或者是插入語。 The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine. ? I don’t enjoy that book you are reading. ? Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easygoing. 其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,同位語 要解釋的東西刪除后不影響整個(gè)句子的構(gòu)成;定語從句 —借用之前的關(guān)鍵詞并且用其重新組成一個(gè)句子插入其中,但是 whom or that 關(guān)鍵詞必須要緊跟在先行詞之前。 ? 6)排比(排山倒海句) 文學(xué)作品中最吸引人的地方莫過于此,如果非要讓你的文章更加精彩的話,那么我希望你引用一個(gè)個(gè)的排比句,一個(gè)個(gè)得對(duì)偶句,一個(gè)個(gè)的不定式,一個(gè)個(gè)地詞,一個(gè)個(gè)的短語,如此表達(dá)將會(huì)使文章有排山倒海之勢(shì)! Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you. ? Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. ? We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life. (氣勢(shì)恢宏) 要想寫出如此氣勢(shì)恢宏的句子非用排比不可! ? 7 挑戰(zhàn)極限原則 既然十挑戰(zhàn)極限,必然是比較難的,但是并非不可攀! 原理:在學(xué)生的文章中,很少發(fā)現(xiàn)諸如 獨(dú)立主格的句子,其實(shí)也很簡(jiǎn)單,只要花上 5分鐘的時(shí)間看看就可以領(lǐng)會(huì),它就是分詞的一種特殊形式,分詞要求主語一致,而獨(dú)立主格則不然。比如: The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills. ? Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 寫作的五項(xiàng)基本原則 ? 一、 長(zhǎng)短句原則 工作還得一張一馳呢,老讓讀者讀長(zhǎng)句,累死人!寫一個(gè)短小精辟的句子,相反,卻可以起到畫龍點(diǎn)睛的作用。而且如果我們把短句放在段首或者段末,也可以揭示主題: As a creature, I eat。 as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar. 如此可見,長(zhǎng)短句結(jié)合,抑揚(yáng)頓挫,豈不爽哉?牢記! 強(qiáng)烈建議:在文章第一段(開頭)用一長(zhǎng)一短,且先長(zhǎng)后短;在文章主體部分,要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思,然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長(zhǎng)的句群形式,定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長(zhǎng)一短就可以了。 ? 二、 主題句原則 國(guó)有其君,家有其主,文章也要有其主。否則會(huì)給人造成“群龍無首”之感!相信各位讀過一些破爛文學(xué),故意把主體隱藏在文章之內(nèi),結(jié)果造成我們稀里糊涂!不知所云!所以奉勸各位一定要寫一個(gè)主題句,放在文章的開頭(保險(xiǎn)型)或者結(jié)尾,讓讀者一目了然,必會(huì)平安無事! 特別提示:隱藏主體句可是要冒險(xiǎn)的! To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam( 主題句 ) . Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer all the questions correctly ? 三、 一 二 三原則 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話總是第一部分、第一點(diǎn)、第二點(diǎn)、第三點(diǎn)、第二部分、第一點(diǎn) … 如此羅嗦??僧吘惯€是條理清楚??脊賯兛次恼乱脖厝灰ㄟ^這些關(guān)鍵性的“標(biāo)簽”來判定你的文章是否結(jié)構(gòu)清楚,條理自然。破解方法很簡(jiǎn)單,只要把下面任何一組的詞匯加入到你的幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)前就清楚了。 1) first, second, third, last(不推薦,原因:俗) 2) firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推薦,原因:俗) 3) the first, the second, the third, the last(不推薦,原因:俗) 4) in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推薦,原因:俗) 5) to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦) 6) to start with, next, in addition, finally(強(qiáng)烈推薦) 7) first and foremost, besides, last but not least(強(qiáng)烈推薦) ? 8) most important of all, moreover, finally 9) on the one hand, on the other hand(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況) 10) for one thing, for another thing(適用于兩點(diǎn)的情況) 建議:不僅僅在寫作中注意,平時(shí)說話的時(shí)候也應(yīng)該條理清楚! ? 四、 短語優(yōu)先原則 寫作時(shí),尤其是在考試時(shí),如果使用短語,有兩個(gè)好處:其一、用短語會(huì)使文章增加亮點(diǎn),如果老師們看到你的文章太簡(jiǎn)單,看不到一個(gè)自己不認(rèn)識(shí)的短語,必然會(huì)看你低一等。相反,如果發(fā)現(xiàn)亮點(diǎn) —精彩的短語,那么你的文章定會(huì)得高分了。其二、關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻思維短路,只有湊字?jǐn)?shù),怎么辦?用短語是一個(gè)辦法!比如: I cannot bear it. 可以用短語表達(dá): I cannot put up with it. I want it. 可以用短語表達(dá): I am looking forward to it. 這樣字?jǐn)?shù)明顯增加,表達(dá)也更準(zhǔn)確。 ? 五、 多實(shí)少虛原則 原因很簡(jiǎn)單,寫文章還是應(yīng)該寫一些實(shí)際的東西,不要空話連篇。這就要求一定要多用實(shí)詞,少用虛詞。我這里所說的虛詞就是指那些比較大的詞。比如我們說一個(gè)很好的時(shí)候,不應(yīng)該之說 nice這樣空洞的詞,應(yīng)該使用一些諸如generous, humorous, interesting, smart, gentle, warmhearted, hospital 之類的形象詞。再比如: 走出房間, general的詞是: walk out of the room 但是小偷走出房間應(yīng)該說: slip out of the room 小姐走出房間應(yīng)該說: sail out of the room 小孩走出房間應(yīng)該說: dance out of the room 老人走出房間應(yīng)該說: stagger out of the room 所以多用實(shí)詞,少用虛詞,文章將會(huì)大放異彩! 4種用詞錯(cuò)誤 ? ? 有些考生在寫作時(shí)。選用自己沒有完全掌握詞義或用法的單詞、組詞造句,是造成用詞錯(cuò)誤的原因之一 ̄如: ? ( 1) The young man always puts on leather shoes. ? ( 2) Both salt and sugar are easy to melt in hot water. ? ( 3) They persuaded their son to try again,but he just turned a deaf ear to them. ? ( 4) It is uneasy for the children to do such a thing. ? 1) The young man always wears leather shoes.( put on表示穿的動(dòng)作,不表示穿著的狀態(tài),而此句表達(dá)的意思是“穿著”,而不是“穿上”。) ? ( 2) Both salt and Sugar are easy to dissolve In hot water.( melt常指物體經(jīng)加熱后熔化或者易溶物質(zhì)受熱溶化,不指溶質(zhì)在溶劑中溶解。) ? ( 3) They advised their son to try again, but he Just turned a deaf ear to them。( persuade sb. to do sth.是“說服某人去做某事” 。 persuade用過去時(shí)或完成時(shí),則意味著對(duì)方已經(jīng)接受勸告而去做某事了。但此句的第 1部分用了 he just turned a deaf ear to them,這在詞義上造成了前后矛盾的邏輯錯(cuò)誤) ? ( 4) It is difficult for the children to do such a thing。( uneasy是由前綴 un ̄加詞根 easy構(gòu)成,在古英語中有“不容易”的意思。但在現(xiàn)代英語中, uneasy已不表示 easy的反義“不容易”了。而是“心神不安”的意思 ) ? 2. 不符合英語習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致的用詞錯(cuò)誤 ? l) We all hope him to get the first prize。 ? ( 2) Mr, Smith denied my invitation to a dinner party。 ? ( 3) Who is responsible for this department? ? ( 4) She will probably be elected woman chairman. ? 1) We all expect him to get the first prize.( hope的用法只有 hope to do sth.或 hope+ that從句結(jié)構(gòu),卻不能說 hope sb, to do sth. ) ? ( 2) Mr. Smith declined my invitation to a dinner party。( deny可作“拒絕接受”講,不過當(dāng)表示“拒絕接受邀請(qǐng)”時(shí),英語習(xí)慣一般不用 deny an invitation∶ to declare untrue to deny a faact) ? ( 3) Who is in charge of this department?( responsible for通常指對(duì)某件事的后果負(fù)責(zé)。如果指時(shí)某一方面的工作或某一部門的工作負(fù)責(zé),就不能用 be responsible for。 Involving important duties or obligationsbe responsible for the child, a responsible teacher ) ? ( 4) She will probably be elected chairwoman( woman chairman,是一個(gè)詞語搭配問題。一般來說。在表示職業(yè)的名詞前加上 man或woman可以區(qū)別男女 :