【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 解的十個特征 體現(xiàn)中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解； 照抄原文的不是解，同義替換的是解； 含義不肯定的是解，如：can could may usually might most more or less be likely to；含義絕對的不是解： must always never the most all any none 含義相反的是解； 具體的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解； 帶有some的是解：someone somebody sometime something certain； 簡單的不是解，復(fù)雜的是解，字面意思不是解，含義深刻的是解； 帶虛詞的解：another other more either both also beside additional extra different same nearly not enough； “變化”是解：change delay improve increase； “重要的、基礎(chǔ)的”是解：important necessary essential basis be based on； 二選一：反義項有解；形似項有解；近義項有解閱讀文章的兩大原則：知難而退、抓大放小原文對等的思想：像【這個思想在做題時要時時體會，務(wù)必掌握】錯誤選項不是讓你不選的 正確選項不是讓你選的題干也不是隨便出的 題目不是隨便湊的 主旨題1)讀文章時重點關(guān)注文章的首段和首末句。按照西方人習(xí)慣性的思維方式和寫作習(xí)慣，他們慣用的是演繹法：即文章一開始先扔出自己的核心觀點，然后具體一步步論證。根據(jù)我的統(tǒng)計，每一段的第一句、第二句和最后一句話為本段的主題句的概率分別為50%、20%、20%，三句話成為主題句的概率超過九成，當(dāng)然也就成為我們閱讀的重中之重。 　　2)關(guān)注一篇文章或者一段話中有沒有重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞或詞組、有沒有黑體字或者是斜體字。如果有，通常這就是文章的核心概念。 　　3)問句不會是主題句。問句通常作為過渡或者是引子，因此應(yīng)該忽略，真正的主題應(yīng)該是這個問題的答案。 4)關(guān)注一些表征強轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞“but,yet,however,infact,indeed,practically,virtually”等，這些詞后面連接的通常都是一段話的主題句。 5)關(guān)注一些表征總結(jié)性，結(jié)論性的詞： “inbrief/short,above/in/after/allinall,conclusion,tosum”等，這些詞后面連接的通常也都是一段話的主題句。 　　6)如果主題句含有show和suggest等詞，重點看其后的賓語從句。 7)掌握一些詞組強調(diào)的重點。“notonly…,butalso***,***aswellas…,more***than…,less…,than***(***為強調(diào)的重點)”。A. 根據(jù)文章第一段或首句確定文章的主旨。新聞報道的第一段一般首先概括全文的中心，另外有些說明性或議論性文章也會開門見山地提出文章的中心或闡述的觀點，文章的第一句話或第一段就是對全文主旨大意的概括。后文對此進一步解釋說明，一般上具體的事例或信息，全文具有先總后分的特點。我們在捕捉文章的主題句時，應(yīng)該對包含主題句的段落進行適當(dāng)?shù)姆治?。例：Fear and its panion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess if they are properly used. If fire didn’t hurt when it burned, children would play with it until their hands were burned away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child could burn itself again and again because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldierand some do existis not a good soldier because he is soon killed。 and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.…Q: The best title for this passage should be____.A. No pains, No Gains B. Pain and ActionsC. The Value of Fear D. The Reason Why People Fear[分析]：B. 主題句在篇尾。主題句位于段末的文章的特點是作者采用了先擺事實，后下結(jié)論的寫作手法。作者在表述細(xì)節(jié)后，歸納要點、結(jié)論、建議或結(jié)果，以概括主題。我們在做題時，要判斷所讀內(nèi)容是細(xì)節(jié)性的描述還是對所涉及問題的集中表達。如果文章首先提及的內(nèi)容多為一般性的事實、細(xì)節(jié)的描寫或具體的事例，則對文章中心的歸納或作者觀點及意圖的體現(xiàn)極有可能在最后，可以重點細(xì)讀最后一段，然后回過頭來利用主題句進一步理解文章的細(xì)節(jié)。例：…Free time increased considerably following the shortening of the working week, . from six days to five days, and from ten hours to eight hours a day. In fact, the working day couldn’t be too long, otherwise people wouldn’t have the time to spend their money. The amount of a family’s budget spent on outside entertainment, such as parties, films and concerts has increased from just under 6% in Ford’s day to about 9% today. On the other hand, we spend only a quarter of what our greatgrandparents paid for reading materials. It is difficult to see how our spending patterns may change in the future. We already know that our population is aging and this will have an effect on the amount of money we spend on medical care.Q: What is the subject discussed in the text?A. Changing patterns in spending B. Changes in family planningC. Decrease in food demand D. Increase in family ine[分析]：C. 主旨出現(xiàn)在文章的中間。在有些議論文或說明文中作者首先列舉或說明人們的錯誤觀點或認(rèn)識誤區(qū)，然后再點明自己的觀點或說明的中心，最后點題，這樣文章的主題句就出現(xiàn)在篇中。例：A close friend siad: “If I could only figure this out, I think I could find happiness.” I have heard this before and will hear it again I am sure. Many people believe that finding happiness is all about finding something else they want. Not many have ever found long term happiness by achieving another goal. The answer to finding happiness is to look within yourself. In other words, happiness is a pletely inside job. The most important piece to finding happiness is to prehend happiness is a choice and not the result of an experience. If all happiness could be found as the result of an acquisition(成就), meeting a goal, or having anything, then a person’s happiness would always be subject to something else.Q: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A. Look within to find happiness.B. Happiness, a choice or the result of an experience?C. The definition of happinessD. How can we create happiness?[分析]：細(xì)節(jié)題 閱讀理解題目中的重量級選手。占的比重大，最少一篇文章考查3個，最多考查5個。正確選項答題方法：(1)同義改寫——詞匯轉(zhuǎn)換，含義相同(2)同義轉(zhuǎn)述——含義不同，本質(zhì)相同答題方法：干擾項(1) 無中生有 (2) 偷梁換柱 (3) 自相矛盾 (4) 過于絕對第一、二種是出題人常常采用的方法，尤其以第二種最難，對于干擾項，一定要掌握“像”這個特征，這是核心。關(guān)鍵信息詞定位：同義、同形、混合定位。絕對詞出現(xiàn)的處理方式：(1)文章中：作為重點信息標(biāo)記出。(2)題干中：作為關(guān)鍵信息詞標(biāo)出。(3)選項中：只有與文章一致方為正確選項。(4)選項中：一般作為干擾選項出現(xiàn)。 假如與文章標(biāo)記一致，才是正確選項。絕對詞：must, always, never, the most, all, no, each, only, have to, any(任何), pletely, totally, hardly, every, rarely, seldom不肯定語氣詞(作標(biāo)記)：can, could, may, might, should, some, usually, might, most, often, more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, possibly, perhaps, maybe, to some degree, seem A. 從原文直接找到答案所需的信息。在解答這類題時，我們可采用“對號入座”的方法。先找到原文的關(guān)鍵信息，然后把原文中的信息跟后面的題目對照，即可得到答案。例：…The new strategy involves fuel cells, which are devices that use chemical reactions to produce electrical currents. Researchers from St. Louis University used a type of protein called enzymes(酶). In the cells of living things, including people, enzymes are what spark chemical reactions. To keep up with the pace that our bodies demand, our cells constantly produce new enzymes as the old ones break down. Scientists had tried using enzymes in fuel cells before, but they had trouble keeping the electricity flowing. That’s because, unlike the enzymes in our cells, the enzymes in fuel cells break down faster than they can be replaced. To get around this problem, the St. Louis researchers invented molecules that wrap around an enzyme and protect it. Inside this molecular pocket, an enzyme can last for months instead of days.Q: Researchers