【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用6005軸承可以滿足要求。軸Ⅱ左端的滾動(dòng)軸承6006的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6006的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于軸Ⅱ的軸向載荷很小，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用6006軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為滾動(dòng)軸承6206，并重新計(jì)算軸承壽命。查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6006的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。軸承壽命所以選用6205軸承可以滿足要求。軸Ⅱ右端的滾動(dòng)軸承6005的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6005的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于軸Ⅱ的軸向載荷很小，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用6005軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為圓柱滾子軸承N207E，并重新計(jì)算軸承壽命。查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表62中知對(duì)于軸承N210E的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。軸承壽命所以選用軸承N210E可以滿足要求。軸Ⅲ左端的滾動(dòng)軸承6008的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6008的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于軸Ⅲ的軸向載荷很小，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用6008軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為軸承6208，并重新計(jì)算軸承壽命。查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6208的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。軸承壽命所以選用軸承6208可以滿足要求。 軸Ⅲ右端的滾動(dòng)軸承6007的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6007的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于軸Ⅲ的軸向載荷很小，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用6007軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為軸承6307，并重新計(jì)算軸承壽命。查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6307的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。軸承壽命所以選用軸承6307可以滿足要求。 軸Ⅳ左端的滾動(dòng)軸承6009的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6009的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于軸Ⅳ的軸向載荷很小，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用軸承6009可以滿足要求。 軸Ⅳ右端的滾動(dòng)軸承6009的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6009的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于軸Ⅳ的軸向載荷很小，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用6009軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為軸承N409E，并重新計(jì)算軸承壽命。查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表62中知對(duì)于軸承N409E的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。軸承壽命所以選用軸承N409E可以滿足要求。 軸Ⅵ左端的滾動(dòng)軸承7013C的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表66中知對(duì)于軸承7013C的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用7013C軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為軸承7313C，并重新計(jì)算軸承壽命。查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表66中知對(duì)于軸承7313C的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。軸承壽命所以選用軸承7313C可以滿足要求。 軸Ⅵ右端的滾動(dòng)軸承6014的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6014的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用6014軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為軸承N314E，并重新計(jì)算軸承壽命。查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表62中知對(duì)于軸承N314E的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。軸承壽命所以選用軸承N314E可以滿足要求。1軸Ⅵ左端的滾動(dòng)軸承6012的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表61中知對(duì)于軸承6012的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于軸Ⅳ的軸向載荷很小，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：一對(duì)軸承的當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命1 軸Ⅵ右端的滾動(dòng)軸承7014C的壽命計(jì)算查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表66中知對(duì)于軸承7014C的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。由于，故由《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表135知X=1，Y=0。據(jù)《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》表136，取載荷系數(shù)。則：當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷軸承壽命所以選用7014C軸承不符合壽命要求，故改選軸承為軸承7314C，并重新計(jì)算軸承壽命。查《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第3版）》表66中知對(duì)于軸承7314C的基本額定靜載荷，基本額定動(dòng)載荷,軸承的預(yù)期壽命為。軸承壽命所以選用軸承7314C可以滿足要求。第五章 操縱機(jī)構(gòu)的方案選擇變速操縱機(jī)構(gòu)主要有分散式、集中式和預(yù)選式3種。對(duì)于分散式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)，一般須操縱多個(gè)操作件（手柄或按鈕）才能完成一個(gè)變速過(guò)程。集中式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)由一個(gè)或兩個(gè)操作件完成一個(gè)變速過(guò)程，操作方便，但結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜。預(yù)選式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)可以在機(jī)床工作中預(yù)先選擇下一工序所需的轉(zhuǎn)速，轉(zhuǎn)入下一工序時(shí)操縱一個(gè)操作件即可實(shí)現(xiàn)變速，縮短了輔助時(shí)間，但結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。為使操縱方便，本次設(shè)計(jì)采用集中式操縱機(jī)構(gòu)，采用孔盤變速。其結(jié)構(gòu)示意圖如圖51。圖51 操縱機(jī)構(gòu)示意圖變速時(shí)，將變速桿1扳向左邊，使固定在同軸上的扇形齒輪2順時(shí)針轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，帶動(dòng)與其嚙合的齒條右移，通過(guò)齒條右端的撥叉，撥動(dòng)軸4及固定在右端的變速孔盤5向右移動(dòng)，使變速孔盤的孔眼與相配合的齒桿全部脫離。此時(shí)，可以轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)速盤3，使所需轉(zhuǎn)速對(duì)準(zhǔn)箭頭所指位置。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)速盤3時(shí)，轉(zhuǎn)速盤軸同轉(zhuǎn)。通過(guò)一對(duì)齒數(shù)相等的錐齒輪，帶動(dòng)軸4和孔盤5同步轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。在孔盤5不同直徑的圓周上，有大小不等的兩種孔眼，以供齒桿6,8,10右端階臺(tái)銷插入。齒桿6,8,10為三組，每組兩個(gè)齒桿，其中一齒桿裝有撥叉，即撥叉11，分別撥動(dòng)軸Ⅱ和軸Ⅳ上的三個(gè)滑移齒輪。每一組的兩個(gè)齒桿之間與一圓柱齒輪對(duì)稱嚙合，確保當(dāng)孔盤5從右向左推動(dòng)某一齒桿時(shí)另一齒桿相應(yīng)右移，以達(dá)到撥叉撥動(dòng)滑移齒輪向左或向右移動(dòng)、改變滑移齒輪軸向嚙合位置的目的。轉(zhuǎn)速盤3選好轉(zhuǎn)速后，將變速桿1扳回到右位。這時(shí)，通過(guò)扇形齒輪、齒條、撥叉使軸4與孔盤5從右向左移到原位，則孔盤5推動(dòng)三組齒桿10連同撥叉撥動(dòng)三個(gè)滑移齒輪移動(dòng)，改變齒輪嚙合對(duì)，達(dá)到變速目的。操縱機(jī)構(gòu)具體結(jié)構(gòu)見(jiàn)裝配圖與零件圖。參考文獻(xiàn)[1]濮良貴、紀(jì)名剛編.《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)》[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2008[2]機(jī)械電子工業(yè)部編.《銑工工藝學(xué)》[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，[3]戴曙編.《金屬切削機(jī)床》[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，[4]吳宗澤編.《機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)（第三版）》[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2007[5]第一機(jī)械工業(yè)部編.《金屬切削機(jī)床產(chǎn)品樣本 銑床 1977》[M].北京： [6]孫桓、陳作模、葛文杰編.《機(jī)械原理》[M].北京：高等教育出版社，[7]趙家奇編.《機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)課程設(shè)計(jì)指導(dǎo)書(shū)（第二版）》[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,[8]李云主編.《機(jī)械制造及設(shè)備指導(dǎo)手冊(cè)》[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,原文： MACHINABILITYThe machinability of a material usually defined in terms of four factors: Surface finish and integrity of the machined part。 Tool life obtained。 Force and power requirements。 Chip control. Thus, good machinability good surface finish and integrity, long tool life, and low force And power requirements. As for chip control, long and thin (stringy) cured chips, if not broken up, can severely interfere with the cutting operation by being entangled in the cutting zone.Because of the plex nature of cutting operations, it is difficult to establish relationships that quantitatively define the machinability of a material. In manufacturing plants, tool life and surface roughness are generally considered to be the most important factors in machinability. Although not used much any more, approximate machinability ratings are available in the example below. Machinability Of SteelsBecause steels are among the most important engineering materials (as noted in Chapter 5), their machinability has been studied extensively. The machinability of steels has been mainly improved by adding lead and sulfur to obtain socalled freemachining steels.Resulfurized and Rephosphorized steels. Sulfur in steels forms manganese sulfide inclusions (secondphase particles), which act as stress raisers in the primary shear zone. As a result, the chips produced break up easily and are small。 this improves machinability. The size, shape, distribution, and concentration of these inclusions significantly influence machinability. Elements such as tellurium and selenium, which are both chemically similar to sulfur, act as inclusion modifiers in resulfurized steels.Phosphorus in steels has two major effects. It strengthens the ferrite, causing increased hardness. Harder steels result in better chip formation and surface finish. Note that soft steels can be difficult to machine, with builtup edge formation and poor surface finish. The second effect is that increased hardness causes the formation of short chips instead of continuous stringy ones, thereby improving machinability.Leaded Steels. A high percentage of lead in steels solidifies at the tip of manganese sulfide inclusions. In nonresulfurized grades of steel, lead takes the form of