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囊袋心內(nèi)、心外科合作23植入方法進(jìn)展216。經(jīng)胸左室心外膜起搏:開(kāi)胸植入或經(jīng)胸腔鏡植入( minithoracotomy, videoassisted thoracoscopicsurgery (VATS) and robotic surgery)216。穿間隔左室心內(nèi)膜起搏216。經(jīng)皮穿心包植入心外膜導(dǎo)線Endocardial Biventricular PacingFirst method24PACE 1998。 2l[Pt. 11:21282131Case Report:A 73yearold man with severe ischemic cardiomyopathy (two previous myocardial infarction and two coronary artery bypass grafting surgeries)presented with refractory CHFEndocardial Biventricular Pacing25The patient is presently doing well after 15 months on antifailure and anticoagulant treatment. He has had no evidence or symptoms suggestive of any embolic episode.PACE 1998。 2l[Pt. 11:2128213126Heart Rhythm, Vol 4, No 4, April 2022Endocardial Biventricular PacingSecond methodEndocardial Biventricular PacingSecond method27N=10. In two of the first four patients, dislodgement of the lead was observed within 24 hours after implantation. In one patient, the lead could be repositioned by insertion of a stylet。 in the second patient, reinsertion of the deflectable catheter was necessary. Insufficient slack in the lead was considered as the main cause of the dislodgements. There was no phrenic nerve stimulation observed in any of the patients. There were no thromboembolic plications at followup. Heart Rhythm, Vol 4, No 4, April 202228J Interv Card ElectrophysiolEndocardial Biventricular PacingThird methodEndocardial Biventricular PacingThird method29J Interv Card ElectrophysiolSuperior RF septum perforation and lead introduction30Neth Heart JDOI Femoral lead introduc