【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 e distinctive features that can affect more than one sound segment and can also contrast meaning are called suprasegmental features .There are three kinds of them: stress ,intonation and juncture .能夠影響的不止一個(gè)語(yǔ)音切分，而且能區(qū)別意義的區(qū)別性特征被稱為超切分特征。超切分特征有三種，重音，音調(diào)和連音或者音渡。12. The position of stress can bring about a change of meaning in a word.。重音的位置會(huì)導(dǎo)致單詞意義的變化。13. Tone languages are languages that use pitch to contrast meaning at word level ,whereas intonation languages are languages that use pitch to distinguish different meanings at phrase level or sentence level .聲調(diào)語(yǔ)言是在單詞的水平上用音高來(lái)區(qū)別意義的語(yǔ)言，然而語(yǔ)調(diào)語(yǔ)言是在短語(yǔ)或者句子的水平上用音高來(lái)區(qū)別不同意義的語(yǔ)言。14. Juncture refers to the phonetic boundary features that may mark grammatical units such as word and clause .　連音是指能夠表示諸如單詞和從句等語(yǔ)法單位的語(yǔ)音分界特征。（2009年10月考題）15. If we are interested in the phonetic units of a word, the resulting transcription is broad , if we are only interested in its distinctive features ,the resulting transcription is narrow .如果我們對(duì)一個(gè)單詞的語(yǔ)音單位感興趣，那么音標(biāo)就是寬式的，如果我們只對(duì)它的區(qū)別性特征感興趣，那么音標(biāo)就是嚴(yán)式的。16. The function of phonological rules is to change a phonemic transcription（音位音標(biāo)） into its phonetic transcription （語(yǔ)音音標(biāo)）.　音位規(guī)則的功能是將音位音標(biāo)改變?yōu)檎Z(yǔ)音音標(biāo)。第五章形態(tài)學(xué)填空題或選擇題1. Semantically ,morphemes can be grouped into roots and affixes .　從語(yǔ)義上來(lái)講，詞素可以分成詞根和詞綴。2. Morphology is a science that examines word formation and the internal structure of words.　形態(tài)學(xué)是一門研究單詞的構(gòu)成和單詞的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)的科學(xué)。3. A morpheme is defined as a minimal meaningful unit in the grammatical system of a language .　詞素被定義為語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)法體系中最小的意義單位。（2009年10月考題）4. Structurally ,morphemes fall into two kinds : free morphemes and bound morphemes .　從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)講，詞素分為兩種：自由詞素和黏附詞素。5. The root is the most important part of a word that carries the principal meaning .詞根是一個(gè)帶有主要意義的單詞中最重要的部分。6. Affixes are lexically dependent on roots and do not convey the fundamental meaning of words.　詞綴在詞義上是依賴詞根的，不表達(dá)單詞的重要意思。7. Free morphemes are those that can stand by themselves as individual words.　自由詞素是那些能夠獨(dú)立作為單詞存在的詞素。8. Bound morphemes are never found alone as words ,but are always joined with other ，總是和其它詞素合在一起。（09年10月考題）(2010年1月考題)9. In terms of position , we may divide affixes into prefixes and suffixes and infixes .　就位置而言，我們可以把詞綴分為前綴，后綴和中綴。(2010年1月考題)10. According to function, we can classify affixes into inflectional affixes and derivational affixes . 　根據(jù)功能，我們能將詞綴分成屈折詞綴和派生詞綴。11. Morphs are related to morphemes in general ,while allomorphs（語(yǔ)素變體） are always related to a specific morpheme.　語(yǔ)子或形素與整體的語(yǔ)素有關(guān)，而語(yǔ)素變體總是跟某一特定的語(yǔ)素有關(guān)。(2010年1月考題)12. If two or more morphs are semantically identical and also in plementary distribution ,they are said to be in allomorphs of the same morpheme.　如果兩個(gè)或更多的語(yǔ)子或形素在語(yǔ)義上是一樣的而且處于互補(bǔ)性分布，他們就是同一語(yǔ)素的語(yǔ)素變體。（2009年10月考題）13. A morph that has form but no meaning is called a empty morph while a morph that has meaning but no form is called a zero morph .　具有形式但是沒(méi)有意義的語(yǔ)子或形素被稱為空語(yǔ)子。而具有意義但是沒(méi)有形式的語(yǔ)子或形素被稱為零語(yǔ)子。14. There are two kinds of relations between the morphemes within a word: linear order and hierarchical order .在一個(gè)單詞的語(yǔ)素之間存在兩種關(guān)系：線性結(jié)構(gòu)和層次結(jié)構(gòu)。15. In the IC Analysis of a word , the forms at the bottom of the treebranch diagram are called ultimate constituents ,which are individual morphemes and therefore can not be further divided into smaller parts.　在一個(gè)單詞的直接成分分析中，在樹(shù)形圖底部的形式被稱為最終成分，他們是獨(dú)立的語(yǔ)素，因此不能再拆成更小的部分。（2009年10月考題）16. All the forms in a treebranch diagram, except the word itself at the top, are the constituents of the word.　在樹(shù)形圖的所有形式中，除了頂部的單詞本身，都是單詞的成分。(2010年1月考題)17. The constituents which are involved directly in forming a larger constituent are called the immediate constituents /ICs of the larger form.　涉及直接形成一個(gè)更大成分的成分叫做直接成分。18. Morphological rules are the rules that determine how morphemes are bined to form new words.　形態(tài)學(xué)規(guī)則是指決定詞素是如何組合形成新的單詞的規(guī)則。19. When a new word is formed by putting an affix to the base ,the process involved is called affixation . 當(dāng)一個(gè)新單詞是通過(guò)添加一個(gè)詞綴到詞基上形成的，所涉及的過(guò)程被稱為詞綴法。20. Free morphemes can be further grouped into lexical morphemes and functional morphemes .自由語(yǔ)素可以進(jìn)一步分成詞匯語(yǔ)素和功能語(yǔ)素。21. Generally ,affixation in English may be further divided into two types : prefixation and suffixation . 一般而言，在英文中詞綴法可以進(jìn)一步分為兩種：前綴法和后綴法。22. Some new words are created simply by changing their parts of speech .The process involved is called conversion .一些新單詞只是通過(guò)改變他們的詞性而創(chuàng)造的，這種過(guò)程被稱為轉(zhuǎn)類法。23. If two or more separate words are conjoined to produce a form which is used as a single word, the bining process is known as pounding .　如果兩個(gè)或者更多的獨(dú)立單詞合在一起形成可以被作為一個(gè)單獨(dú)的單詞而使用的形式，這種合并的過(guò)程就是復(fù)合法。(2010年1月考題)24. Blending is a process in which a pound is made by deleting and bining parts of two words.　混合法是一種