【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 tomorrow, at 9:00 next Sunday morning, 等。 eg. What will you be doing at 9:00 on June 7next year? 7．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) A)意義： a. 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（只有部分延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如 live, work, study, 等可以表示這一意義） eg. I have lived in Shanghai since I was born. He has been married for half a year. b. 表示過(guò)去做過(guò)的某一個(gè)動(dòng) 作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響。 eg. I have seen this film. It’s fantastic! Jack is playing video games, because he has done his homework. B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： a. since 1990, for 9 years,等。 b. already, yet, just, now, this week, never, ever, so far, up till now, lately, in the past/last few years, 等。 C)b組所表示的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的區(qū)別：雖然現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) b 組表示的動(dòng)作也是發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它強(qiáng)調(diào)的是與現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系，而過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)只表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，敘述一個(gè)事實(shí)。試比較： eg. 1) He went to Beijing two days ago. He has gone to Beijing. 2) Henry lost his mobile phone yesterday, but found it later. Henry has lost his mobile phone again. D)瞬間動(dòng)詞要表示?一直到現(xiàn)在?，不能直接用?完成時(shí)態(tài)加 for?的方式， 必須用其他句型。 eg. 他離開(kāi)上海已經(jīng)三天了。 He has left Shanghai. He left three days ago. He has been away from Shanghai for three days. It is three days since he left Shanghai. 8． 過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài) A)意義：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前所做的動(dòng)作，即?過(guò)去的過(guò)去?。所以一般要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)的話(huà)，句子中或上下文一定有一個(gè)過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的動(dòng)作或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)做比較，才能用。 eg. He had learned English before he went to Canada. B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： by the end of last year 等。 選校網(wǎng) 高考頻道 專(zhuān)業(yè)大全 歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線 上萬(wàn)張 大學(xué)圖片 大學(xué)視頻 院校庫(kù) 選校網(wǎng) 專(zhuān)業(yè)大全 歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線 上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片 大學(xué)視頻 院校庫(kù) C)在用間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，主句的動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，用來(lái)替換直接引語(yǔ)中的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài) 。 eg. He asked the girl, ―Where have you been?‖ → He asked the girl where she had been. He said, ―I cleaned the classroom yesterday.‖ → He said that he had cleaned the room the day before. D)有些動(dòng)詞（如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等 ）的過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)可表示過(guò)去事實(shí)上沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、計(jì)劃等。 eg. I had hoped to attend the party, but I was too busy. *9． 將來(lái)完成時(shí)態(tài) A)意義：表示在將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻之前將會(huì)完成的動(dòng)作。 B)常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： by the end of next year 等。 eg. You will have studied English for 10 years by the time you finish high school. 10． 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行 時(shí)態(tài) A)意義：表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。（同現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的第一種意義） B)常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： since ..., for ..., so far, up till now 等。 C)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的比較： 只有現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的第一種意義的那些動(dòng)詞，它們的現(xiàn)在完成與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行兩種時(shí)態(tài)表示的意義相同，可以互換使用。 eg. I have studied here for 3 years. = I have been studying here for 3 years. 而其他的一些動(dòng)詞，使用兩種時(shí)態(tài)，意義就各不相同了。 試比較： The little boy has read the text.（小男孩已經(jīng)讀過(guò)課文了。） The little boy has been reading the text.（小男孩一直在讀課文。） 試翻譯： 1）從上午九點(diǎn)開(kāi)始我就一直在做功課。 I have been doing my homework since 9 in the morning. 2）今天的功課我已經(jīng)做好了。 I have done today’s homework. *11． 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài) 意義：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間再結(jié)束。（結(jié)束的時(shí)間點(diǎn)也在過(guò)去） eg. He had been searching for the watch for a half hour when we came back. 12． 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) 意義：表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，一般多用在間接引語(yǔ)中。 eg. He told me that he would read the book a second time. 二、動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài) 英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞可分為及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞，以及系動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；不及物動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組（如 happen, belong to, take place 等）和系動(dòng)詞（如 bee, seem, sound, look, taste,等）沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1．以動(dòng)詞 do 為例，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)的表達(dá)方式如下表： 一般 進(jìn)行 完成 現(xiàn)在 is/am/are done is/am/are being done have/has been done 過(guò)去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 將來(lái) shall/will be done shall/will be done 過(guò)去將來(lái) would be done 各種時(shí)態(tài)在助動(dòng)詞 be 上表示，動(dòng)作由過(guò)去分詞體現(xiàn)。 2．注意在動(dòng)詞詞組變被動(dòng)的時(shí)候，原來(lái)詞組中的 介詞或副詞不要漏掉 。 eg. The villagers took good care of the wounded soldier. → The soldier was taken good care of by the villagers. 3．有些動(dòng)詞既是及物動(dòng)詞，又是不及物動(dòng)詞，這些動(dòng)詞比較少用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 選校網(wǎng) 高考頻道 專(zhuān)業(yè)大全 歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線 上萬(wàn)張 大學(xué)圖片 大學(xué)視頻 院校庫(kù) 選校網(wǎng) 專(zhuān)業(yè)大全 歷年分?jǐn)?shù)線 上萬(wàn)張大學(xué)圖片 大學(xué)視頻 院校庫(kù) eg. We begin our class at 8:00 every morning. → ? Our class is begun ... ? Our class begins at 8:00 every morning. 4．有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組可用主動(dòng)形式，表示（從中文 里我們所感覺(jué)的）被動(dòng)意義。 eg. The book sells poorly. His translation reads better than yours. Who is to blame for the accident? 高考真題試析： 02 年 23 題 He will have learned English for eight years by the time he ____ from the university next year. A. will graduate B. will have graduated C. graduates B. is to graduate 選 C。雖然句子的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是 next year，但是?他從大學(xué)畢業(yè)?是以 by the time 引出的狀語(yǔ)從句，在狀語(yǔ)從句中，用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。 02 年 24 題 I feel it is your husband who ____ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is going to blame C. is to be blamed D. should blame 選 A。因?yàn)樵~組 be to blame for 這一詞組用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示中文中?該為某事受到責(zé)備?的被動(dòng)意義。 02