【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 was why es from either Oxford or can39。t do you think of China?different life is today from it used to , what , what , that , that this to you think can do the work me is I can39。t learn all these English idioms by , that , what , what , that 答案: , whether CABBB 610 ACACD（5）同位語從句1． 定義：用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！2． 用法：同位語從句的先行詞多為fact, news, idea, thought, question, reply, report, remark等，關(guān)聯(lián)詞多用從屬連詞that。如：They were all very much worried over the fact that you were ，他們都很焦慮。Where did you get the idea that I could not e? 你在哪兒聽說我不能來？Early in the day came the news that Germany had declared war on 。注：同位語從句偶爾由從屬連詞whether引導(dǎo)。如：I have no idea whether he’ll e or 。連接代詞who, which, what和連接副詞where, when, why, how亦可引導(dǎo)同位語從句。The question who should do the work requires ，這個問題需要考慮。We haven39。t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer ，這個問題我們還沒有決定。It is a question how he did 。解釋：1．that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句之區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 that引導(dǎo)的定語從句 句法功能上that只起連接從句的作用，無意義。在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分。不可省。that替代先行詞在從句中不僅起連接作用，還充當(dāng)一個句子成分。如在從句中作動詞的賓語時可省略。意義上從句是被修飾名詞的內(nèi)容。從句起限定作用，是定語如：The news that will be our new English teacher is true.(同位語從句，that不可省。)李先生將是我們的新英語老師這個消息是真的。The news(that)he told me yesterday is true.(定語從句，that在從句中作told的賓語，可省。)他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。2．一些表示“建議、命令、要求”的名詞后所跟的同位語從句中，謂語動詞用虛擬語氣should+動詞原形表示。should可省。如：This is our only request that this(should)be settled as soon as ：盡快解決這個問題。測試：：1． It worried her a bit her hair was turning / 16句式部分 加油！加菜！ have no idea we can do with these waste doctor really doubts is my mother will recover from the serious disease is hoped nature will never be you guess will give a talk on English tomorrow? drove to Zhuhai for the air show last that you had a few days off? came I was wanted at the you know of them will be our new headmaster? teacher didn39。t tell me we were 39。s generally considered unwise to give a child he or she ：1． It was true Alice did surprised her , what , that matter much he can39。t e to the , if , if , whether , whether are you anxious about? can we succeed we can succeed can we succeed we can succeed reason the little actress has been such a success is she is both clever and , why , that , because , because the room last ought to turn off the person really don39。t know ____________ I had this photo it was that was that it was was why es from either Oxford or can39。t do you think of China?different life is today from it used to , what , what , that , that this to you think can do the work me is I can39。t learn all these English idioms by , that , what , what , that 答案: , whether CABBB 610 ACACD(6）/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！不定式是由不定式符號to+動詞原形構(gòu)成，在某些情況下to也可省略。不定式一般有時式和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表中的幾種形式（以do為例）：主動式 被動式 一般式 to do to be done 完成式to have done to have been done 進行式 to be doing / 完成進行式to have been doing / 1)不定式的一般式不定式的一般式所表示的動作通常與主要謂語的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，或是在它之后發(fā)生。如：They invited us to go there this 。He stood aside for me to 。2)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的動作在謂語所表示的動作之后發(fā)生，它在句中可作表語、狀語、賓語，有時也可作主語、定語等。如：She seemed to have heard about this 。I am sorry to have kept you waiting so 。I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to ，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your ，在你們國家旅行這么多地方是一件很榮幸的事情。3)不定式的進行式不定式的進行式表示正在進行的與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生的動作。它在句中可以用作除謂語以外的所有成分。如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these ，這些天一直幫我們。He pretended to be listening to the teacher 。We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us 。4)不定式的完成進行式如果不定式表示的動作是謂語所表示時間之前一直進行的動作，就需要用完成進行式。如： They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 。We are happy to have been helping each other these 。5)動詞不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式構(gòu)成。如：/ 16句式部分 加油！加菜！Try not to be late again next 。He wished us never to meet her 。6)疑問詞+動詞不定式：不定式和疑問詞whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等連用可以在句中起名詞的作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等動詞后面作賓語，有時也可以充當(dāng)主語、表語等。如： On hearing the news, he didn39。t know whether to laugh or to ，他不知道該哭還是該笑。When to hold the meeting has not 。The most important problem is how to get so much 。介詞后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑問詞+不定式短語作賓語。如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn 。I have no idea of how to do 。（7）ing分詞是由動詞原形加詞尾ing構(gòu)成。ing分詞同樣有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化，通常有下表幾種形式（以do為例）：主動形式 被動形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been doneing分詞的否定形式是由not 加ing分詞構(gòu)成。如：Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and ，我只好在家里等著。His not ing made all of us 。：ing分詞的一般式表示和謂語動詞所表示的動作同時進行的動作；完成式表示在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前發(fā)生的動作。如：Being a student, he was interested in ，他對書本很感興趣。Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the ，他考試不及格。：ing分詞的被動式表示它的邏輯主語是ing分詞動作的承受者。根據(jù)ing分詞動作發(fā)生的時間，ing分詞的被動式有一般被動式(being done)和完成被動式(having been done)。如： The question being discussed is very 。He never talked about his having been interviewed by the / 16句式部分 加油！加菜！采訪的事情。Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up ，他把煙戒了。注意：在need, want, require, be worth等動詞(短語)后，作賓語的ing分詞常用主動形式來表示被動含義。如：Your shoes need cleaning.= Your shoes need to be 。This book is well worth 。ing分詞一方面具有動詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個名詞或形容詞、副詞，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補語等。1)–ing分詞（短語）作主語：Laying eggs is the ant queen39。39。s fulltime 。Saying is easier than 。在下面兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，ing分詞也作主語。①為了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主語，而把真實主語放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt 。It39。39。s a waste of time arguing about 。②在There is no結(jié)構(gòu)中，通常用ing分詞。如：There is no joking about such 。There is no holding back the wheel of 。2)ing分詞（短語）作表語：His hobby is collecting 。The problem is quite 。3)ing分詞作賓語：①–ing分詞作動詞賓語。如：I suggest doing it in a different 。We enjoy attending Miss Li39。39。s 。②ing分詞作賓語也可用在復(fù)合賓語中作真正的賓語，而用it作形式賓語。如：I don’t think it possible living in such a cold 。Do you consider it any good trying again? 你覺得再試一次會有好處嗎？ ③ing分詞作介詞賓語，經(jīng)常用在一些短語的后面。如： I39。39。m against inviting him to 。They don’t feel like walking that 。He went to London in the hope of being a famous ，希望能成為一