【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 n the purchasing section purchase parts and materials of adequate quality with adequate price and timing.⊙People in the production section assemble them one by one with their qualityminded hand.⊙People in the sales section introduce these excellent products to make good service to the customers.These sections play each part, like an orchestra, conducted by top management, and beautiful harmony of them produce excellent product and service. everyone is responsible for his/her own job.How are the defective products produced?In conclusion, they are produced by the hand of man. It means, in other words, even highly automated machine that produces products without help of hands of man, it is basically operated and maintained by man.Of course, we do not intend to produce defective products, but the cause is that We don39。t know which point of our job is defective.Anyway, we have to observe our own job with modesty, and find the weak points.To solve these problems, . philosophy is fully available. Let39。s make an effort to assure the results of our own job.For exampleWhen we ask to somebody in production section, What is the problem in your section? Usually he will reply 39。39。We have many problems of defective parts, and difficult assembling by difficult design.Do you think these problems are really the problems of the production section? In short, the amount of correct answer for that question represent the degree of understanding regarding Quality Control.Chapter 2 How to achieve our target.21Control Circle, (PDCA)In order to achieve our target (for example, to reduce the percentage of defects to certain level,) we have to proceed following four steps.1) First, we have to make the objective clear, and set up the means to achieve the objective. (Plan)2) Put the plan into practice (Do)3) Observe the situation or results to see if they are progressing towards the objective or not. (Check)4) When they are not progressing towards the objective, adjustment should be made. (Action)We call these 4 steps Control Circle, or Deming Circle.ExampleAn arrow cannot always get to the target, because of wind, incorrect aiming, etc.New control system is like a moon rocket. Aim the moon, shoot, and check the control points of direction and speed on the way, and if they are incorrect, correct them, and then it is assured to get to the target.Now, what is your control points to achieve your job.22 Recognition and analysis of the situation.Often we do something without thinking deeply, and later regret about lack of investigation and preparation.When somebody get sick, it is very dangerous to take medicine without checking real situation.We have to check temperature of the body, pulsation, or sometimes analyze the blood, and we have to know the cause clearly.It is same in the factory. Before we decide the countermeasure, we have to know the percentage of defective products, type of defects, etc., clearly by the data, and look for the biggest problem and its causes by the cooperation of everybody.23 Let39。s make the target clear.Secondly, it is very important to set up the target clearly. To make the ideal situation that we want to or have to realize clear is very helpful to concentrate the mental power of everybody.The target is set up relating to the pany policy or target, or sometimes set up independently in order to improve our own workshop.Independent target is like a target of sports, paring our situation to the record of the petitor, and in order to approach or clear the record of others, we set up the higher target Properly.So let39。s widely observe the level of your petitor or better workshop, to set up the target properly.24Let39。s set up the achievable plan.We set up the plan to achieve our target, but often the plan is left as a plan.Most part of good result is produced by the good planning and preparation.It is said that a housewife who cooks well prepares well before cooking.Before setting up the plan, let39。s think about following points.⊙Does the plan really lead to the success in realizing the target?⊙Can you get full cooperation of all people related to your job?⊙Is the concrete countermeasure considered? ⊙Is the system of record and report of the control well planned to know the results and take action?Now, again, let39。s check the plan from the following pointsWhen Whole schedule and target ofWho Who takes what part?What What are we going to do?Where Where is most advantageous toWhy Why is it necessary to do?How How can we realize?25To carry out the planVital will and Good method is necessary. To carry out the plan, everybody have to maintain vital will, and choose the Good method39。 utilizing the latest technology.Vital will:⊙Strong willingness to achieve the target, and positive action.⊙Enthusiasms to get full cooperation of other people.⊙Strong sense of responsibility to fulfill what is decided.Good method:⊙Application of statistical method. ⊙Adequate standardization, systematization of data collection. ⊙Utilization of knowledge and. skill of each individual.Basically, developing vital mind and capability of each person is indispensable.To carry out the program, it is important to confirm whether everybody is fully aware of the final objective.When certain change of circumstances or severe difficulty is found, it39。s better not to hesitate to change the plan in order to achieve the objective without foil.26 Checking the result and revaluationAt the beginning of the process, everybody starts with full enthusiasm, but in the course of time, it sometimes happens that the enthusiasm fade away, and nobody care about the results.One of the most important steps of control circle is Checking. We always have to watch and check the process and results.As described before, we have to decide the control