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某公司質(zhì)量管理的進程-wenkub

2023-04-24 00:44:42 本頁面
 

【正文】 取 捨棄 4」非兼顧的取向重點。7. 檢查並不能製造品質(zhì),而是在工程每一階段中製造。第一章“品質(zhì)管理”之進程11 正崴公司之基本經(jīng)營理念及職責正崴公司以精密機械加工及微電子組裝能力掌握開發(fā)製造及檢測技術(shù),建立全球行銷網(wǎng)路,提供客戶品質(zhì)優(yōu)良之訊號傳輸與能源處理組件,以資訊通訊市場需求為導(dǎo)向,依「真誠、宏觀、盡責」之理念不斷自我超越,以創(chuàng)造企業(yè)最佳經(jīng)營績效。競爭市場不斷湧現(xiàn)新的優(yōu)良產(chǎn)品。14 品質(zhì)管理是全員的責任每個人都有品管之責任,誰生產(chǎn)的優(yōu)良產(chǎn)品?是公司的每個員工,從工人到各個部門最高管理階層都有責任 .責任是:△ 企劃部的人調(diào)整市場的需求,計劃滿足市場需求之商品?!?銷售課的人則要把這樣優(yōu)良的產(chǎn)品,通過良好的服務(wù)介紹給客戶。當然,我們不是故意生產(chǎn)出不合格品,但問題是“我們不知道,我們的工作哪裡出錯了”。例如:當我們問及生產(chǎn)課的人,“你們部門的問題是甚麼?”他們通常會這樣回答:“我們有很多的的問題,例如零件不良、設(shè)計不良導(dǎo)致於組裝困難。(執(zhí)行)(3) 觀察形勢或結(jié)果,看它們是否朝著目標前進。新的管制系統(tǒng)就像一支火箭。我們只有經(jīng)過體溫測量、把脈、有時還需驗血、才能知道病情的真正原因,工廠也一樣。單獨制定目標就像體育運動之目標,要把我們的具體情況同對手的最高記錄作比較,為達到或明確其他對手的最高記錄,我們要正確地制定更高目標。制定計劃前,讓我們先考慮下列要素:△ 制定的計劃確實能成功地使目標得以實現(xiàn)嗎?△ 你能與你的工作相關(guān)之人士緊密合作嗎?△ 考慮過具體對策沒有?△ 是否周密製作記錄管制體系,足以得知管制結(jié)果和採取之措施?現(xiàn)在我們從以下幾點來確認我們的計劃:時間(When) 整個時程表以及完成日的設(shè)定人物(Who) 誰負責哪部份工作 ?內(nèi)容(What) 我們打算作甚麼 ?地點(Where) 哪裡部份是可優(yōu)先執(zhí)行的?原因(Why) 為何必須這樣做 ?方式(How) 我們?nèi)绾尾拍軐崿F(xiàn) ?25 計畫的執(zhí)行「旺盛的企圖心」和「良好的手法」是不可或缺的。26 結(jié)果的確認與再評估開始的時候,每個人都精神十足、信心百倍,到了中途,有時會發(fā)生熱情消退,甚至無人問津的結(jié)果。針對製程與結(jié)果,品管人員應(yīng)更注重製程的管制。我們必須採取長久的對策來避免類似問題的發(fā)生。(如修理模具)(3) 為了不再發(fā)生同樣的問題,需建立規(guī)則來觀察不良要因的變化情形。再說,有時候發(fā)生的事情,可能就我們的感覺行事,然而它並非事實而只是個人的一己之見而已。科學方法的基礎(chǔ)是用資料和數(shù)據(jù)來掌握事實。收集數(shù)據(jù)的話,我們須備有“查檢表”,可分為下列兩種類型:(1) 記錄用查檢表 用以記錄實際數(shù)據(jù)和不合格品數(shù),或根據(jù)項目來分類。要用相當有限的時間、人力和物力同時解決這些問題,幾乎是不可能的。所以,假使只要針對2 或 3 個主要問題點來解決,建立優(yōu)先順序原則,忽略其他次要項目是有必要的。我們把這些原因畫成魚骨圖(特性要因圖)。35 品質(zhì)總是有分佈性的我們一直都在生產(chǎn)大批的產(chǎn)品、元件和材料。測試 100 個燈泡,一些最大壽命超過 2500 小時,而一些最低壽命不足 1500 小時。讓我們從直方圖來研究這種分散特性吧。如果 A 機的矯正方法不正確,我們就容易把它矯正過來。(3) 分層後,檢查其分散之不同點。我們來研究管制圖,因為如果我們習慣了使用管制圖,這對我們的工作將大有益處。研究以往不合格品之原因,傾聽技術(shù)工程師就品質(zhì)重要論題之演講,對我們同樣有益。我們應(yīng)實際地找出工作之必須方面,然後把它們作成如“作業(yè)規(guī)範”。要達到第三個步驟或是成為一個專業(yè)作業(yè)員,嚴格的訓練確實有其必要性。再說,有些產(chǎn)品特性根本不容許全數(shù)檢驗(如:燈泡的壽命)。檢驗不是測試,但它應(yīng)有三個要素:1. 建立明確的判定標準。而檢驗有兩種形式:全數(shù)檢驗和抽樣檢驗;前者通常用於製程檢驗,後者主要用于進料/出貨檢驗。但是如果這些機器操作條件不對,同樣會產(chǎn)生大量的不合格品,簡單的模治具用久了、磨耗了,也很可能產(chǎn)生大量的不合格品。47 “防呆”(Fool Proof)觀念的提昇我們總是盡力做好,但我們不是全能的而且也不可能事事完美,總是有時會出錯。例如:產(chǎn)品的包裝中小的附屬零件,如說明書或保證書都可能被遺忘。例如:要把螺絲鎖入塑膠零件,作業(yè)員感到有些困難時,於是他就自行調(diào)整氣動扭力起子的空壓,以便繼續(xù)他的工作。△ 如果發(fā)現(xiàn)異常現(xiàn)象,追溯並找出真正原因。但我們可以想像,她之所感到滿意,是因為她靠自己的能力投入而取得的成就,也因為公司全體員工對品管效果是有了認識。我們必須學習有關(guān)改善工作職場,統(tǒng)計技術(shù)的認識。如果部門的全體人員都願意參與,這意識著領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是相當出色的,活動也就變得積極了。根據(jù)組織的情況建議一團或幾團開一次會,最好離下次會議的時間不要太長,以免影響活動的順利開展。55 歸納與發(fā)表當改善行動進行到最後,要比照最初的情況來確認效果。把結(jié)果呈報給主管,舉行品保會議時準備並參考。s proceed Quality Control11Basic principle of Matsushita Electric, and our responsibility.Our pany policy, and also our responsibility are to provide an abundance of excellent electrical appliances to enrich people39。39。s set up the achievable plan.We set up the plan to achieve our target, but often the plan is left as a plan.Most part of good result is produced by the good planning and preparation.It is said that a housewife who cooks well prepares well before cooking.Before setting up the plan, let39。s better not to hesitate to change the plan in order to achieve the objective without foil.26 Checking the result and revaluationAt the beginning of the process, everybody starts with full enthusiasm, but in the course of time, it sometimes happens that the enthusiasm fade away, and nobody care about the results.One of the most important steps of control circle is Checking. We always have to watch and check the process and results.As described before, we have to decide the control points when setting up the plan.Then, check the results according to the control points, and analyze the process to know why we got such results.. people lay more stress on process than results.For example, when we won a football game, we have to analyze the process, whether it was lead by good performance of players other team or by lucky occasion like a mistake of the other team.Revaluation of . should not be an abstract one like Pardon me, I will be more careful., but should lead to reasonable countermeasures to eliminate bad causes.27 Four steps of countermeasures in order not to repeat same problem.Most of the problems are experienced before by somebody in our section.We have to take permanent countermeasures in order not to repeat same problem. For this, the following 4 steps of countermeasures are all necessary.(1) First, we have to eliminate defective products included in the stock.(2) Analyze and eliminate the cause of the defects. (For example, repair the mold.)(3) In order not to repeat the same problem, set up the rule to watch variation of the cause. (For example, check the mold once a week.)(4) Set up the check and record system to confirm that the check of the cause is constantly One exampleA president got very angry finding the clock of the guestroom stopped, What if the guest read。 actual situation of our workshop, or quality level of products, and we can use this to find out actual causes.33 Priority policy for maximum effectiveness. (Pareto diagram)We find many kinds of problems around. It is almost impossible to attack all these problems by limited time and person and cost.In order to get maximum effectiveness, we have to know which problems are the major ones, and attack them with strong priority policy.For this purpose, Pareto diagram is fully helpful. This diagram is such arranged that bigger item es left. Pareto principle says, 80% of problems e from only 20% of major items.So, for example, in order to attack 2 or 3 major items only, it is important to set up strong priority policy, neglecting all other items.34 Let39。t1 and if we stratify the data from various points of view, we will be able to find out the most effective causes.Important points are,(1) Stratification is based on causeandeffect diagram.(2) Stratify the data from various points of view.(3) After the stratification, check the difference of dispersion.37Analysis of the data. Part 2. (Scatter diagram, Control chart)(1) Scatter diagram,To know the relationship between cause and effect, (for example, relationship between torque of air driver and air pressure,) it is convenient to draw a scatterDiagram, plotting data of the cause on the horizontal axe, data of the effect on the vertical axe. We can see the relationship clearly, and it i
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